Zhong SH, Lou J, Zhao AQ, Jin XL, Wei SM, Liang Y. Myeloid sarcoma transformed from myeloproliferative neoplasm: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Oncol 2026; 17(1): 113966 [DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v17.i1.113966]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Yun Liang, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China. liangyun@zju.edu.cn
Research Domain of This Article
Hematology
Article-Type of This Article
Case Report
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Jan 24, 2026 (publication date) through Jan 28, 2026
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Journal Information of This Article
Publication Name
World Journal of Clinical Oncology
ISSN
2218-4333
Publisher of This Article
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
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Zhong SH, Lou J, Zhao AQ, Jin XL, Wei SM, Liang Y. Myeloid sarcoma transformed from myeloproliferative neoplasm: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Oncol 2026; 17(1): 113966 [DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v17.i1.113966]
Shu-Han Zhong, Ai-Qi Zhao, Xue-Li Jin, Yun Liang, Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
Jie Lou, Department of Hematology, Xiaoshan People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang Province, China
Shu-Mei Wei, Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
Co-first authors: Shu-Han Zhong and Jie Lou.
Co-corresponding authors: Shu-Mei Wei and Yun Liang.
Author contributions: Zhong SH and Lou J were involved in the clinical management of the patient, conceptualized the case report, and drafted the initial manuscript; both authors made indispensable contributions to the completion of this work and qualify as co-first authors. Zhao AQ and Jin XL participated in the therapeutic management of the patient and critically reviewed the manuscript. Wei SM and Liang Y were responsible for preparing/submitting the manuscript and supplementary files, managing all correspondence with the editorial office, ensuring final manuscript approval by all authors; Wei SM conducted literature searches and revised/submitted the early manuscript version with a focus on disease pathogenesis and therapeutic progression, while Liang Y collated published similar cases and performed integrated analyses of pathological subtypes and treatment outcomes. Wei SM and Liang Y contributed equally as co-corresponding authors.
Informed consent statement: Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this report and any accompanying images.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no known conflicts of interest related to this work. No financial, professional, or personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) this study have been reported.
CARE Checklist (2016) statement: The authors have read the CARE Checklist (2016), and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CARE Checklist (2016).
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Yun Liang, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China. liangyun@zju.edu.cn
Received: September 16, 2025 Revised: November 22, 2025 Accepted: December 18, 2025 Published online: January 24, 2026 Processing time: 127 Days and 20.7 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare hematological malignancy that may be associated with myelodysplastic or myeloproliferative neoplasms. Herein, we report a case of transformation from myelofibrosis to MS.
CASE SUMMARY
A 56-year-old male patient was found to have multiple bone lesions by the pelvic magnetic resonance imaging. Pathological analysis of the lesions indicated a myeloid tumor, and immunohistochemistry revealed a TP53 mutation. Bone marrow aspiration was consistent with myelofibrosis. Based on the patient’s history of polycythemia and the immunohistochemical findings of the surgically resected lesions, a transformation from a myeloproliferative neoplasm to MS was suggested. The patient developed hematological toxicity after receiving chemotherapy with idarubicin plus cytarabine, and treatment was subsequently adjusted to ruxolitinib combined with venetoclax. However the patient exhibited suboptimal treatment response.
CONCLUSION
Cases of myelofibrosis transforming into MS are extremely rare. The TP53 mutation is a key molecular marker associated with poor tumor prognosis. Because it can be easily mistaken for other tumors, it is crucial to perform relevant examinations and establish a clear diagnosis as early as possible. This facilitates the timely formulation of an appropriate treatment plan and may help prolong the patient’s life.
Core Tip: This paper details the diagnosis and treatment process of an elderly male patient whose condition transformed from myelofibrosis to myeloid sarcoma. The diagnosis was confirmed through multiple examinations. This case highlights the significant impact of accurate diagnosis and flexible adjustment of treatment plans on patients' survival under complex disease conditions.
