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World J Clin Oncol. Dec 24, 2025; 16(12): 112735
Published online Dec 24, 2025. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v16.i12.112735
Advances in prostate cancer treatment with moderate and ultra-hypofractionated radiotherapy
Ling-Ling Meng, Yu-Peng Di, Lin Ma, Bao-Lin Qu
Ling-Ling Meng, Lin Ma, Bao-Lin Qu, Department of Radiation Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
Yu-Peng Di, Department of Radiation Oncology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing 100142, China
Co-first authors: Ling-Ling Meng and Yu-Peng Di.
Co-corresponding authors: Lin Ma and Bao-Lin Qu.
Author contributions: Meng LL and Di YP contributed to writing - original draft; Meng LL and Qu BL contributed to conceptualization; Di YP and Ma L contributed to validation; Ma L and Qu BL contributed to editing the manuscript; Qu BL contributed to review the manuscript; Meng LL and Di YP contributed equally to this manuscript and are co-first authors; Ma L and Qu BL contributed equally to this manuscript and are co-corresponding authors. All authors have read and approved the final version to be published.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Bao-Lin Qu, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China. radiotherapy1018@126.com
Received: August 5, 2025
Revised: September 15, 2025
Accepted: November 17, 2025
Published online: December 24, 2025
Processing time: 140 Days and 21.5 Hours
Abstract

This article comprehensively reviews research progress in prostate cancer radiation therapy. It provides an overview of fundamental principles, encompassing the disease’s epidemiology, pathological mechanisms, and radiation sensitivity, alongside technological advancements. The clinical application, technological progress, and efficacy evaluation of moderate hypofractionated radiation therapy and ultra hypofractionated radiation therapy are discussed. Diagnostic and monitoring techniques specific to radiation therapy are analyzed, alongside prevailing controversies and challenges. Finally, the review outlines future prospects, including novel radiotherapy techniques, multidisciplinary collaboration trends, and the evolving role of radiation within comprehensive treatment. The findings demonstrate continuous technological and clinical evolution in prostate cancer radiotherapy, yet emphasize the need for further exploration to optimize treatments and improve patient survival and quality of life.

Keywords: Prostate cancer; Moderate; Ultra-hypofractionated; Radiation therapy; Treatment; Multidisciplinary collaboration

Core Tip: Technological advances enabling precise targeting have driven continuous evolution in radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Moderate and ultra-hypofractionated regimens have been shown to be as effective as conventional therapy and offer patients greater convenience. However, optimizing treatment strategies requires overcoming challenges such as managing toxicity, defining the optimal dose/fractionation, integrating advanced diagnostics to enable personalized approaches and clarifying the role of radiation within multimodal management. Future progress hinges on refining novel techniques (e.g., FLASH and proton therapy), fostering multidisciplinary collaboration, and focusing on improving survival and quality of life outcomes for patients.