Published online Sep 26, 2025. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i9.109662
Revised: June 22, 2025
Accepted: August 13, 2025
Published online: September 26, 2025
Processing time: 129 Days and 21.3 Hours
Core Tip: This review clarifies how post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, and lactylation, dynamically modulate the osteogenic differentiation of oral-derived stem cells (ODSCs) under inflammatory or hypoxic conditions. We highlight PTMs as essential molecular switches integrating extracellular signals with transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms to facilitate bone regeneration. Emerging therapeutic strategies - including histone deacetylase inhibitors, extracellular vesicle-based delivery, and metabolic-epigenetic crosstalk modulation - are proposed to improve ODSCs efficacy in osteoporosis and periodontitis. This review clarifies the PTMs “regulatory code” in ODSCs, connecting mechanistic insights to clinical translation while addressing unresolved challenges in precision regenerative medicine.
