Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with situs inversus totalis: Two case reports and review of literature

Table 1 Initial investigations

Investigations	Value	Normal range
Haemoglobin	9.4 g/dL	13.0-17.0
TLC	9.2 × 103/uL	4.0-10.0
RBS	160 g/dL	80.0-140.0
Liver function tests
SGOT	23 IU/L	0.0-35.0
SGPT	27 IU/L	0.0-41.0
ALP	83 IU/L	40.0-129.0
Albumin	3.2 g/dL	3.5-5.2
Bilirubin	1.4 mg/dL	0.1-1.2
Renal function tests
Serum urea	27 mg/dL	17.0-43.0
Serum creatinine	1.2 mg/dL	0.6-1.1
Serum Na+	135 mmol/L	136.0-145.0
Serum K+	4.2 mmol/L	3.5-5.0
Viral markers
HCV	Non-reactive
HBsAg	Non-reactive
HIV	Non-reactive

TLC: Total leukocyte count; RBS: Random blood sugar; SGOT: Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase; SGPT: Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; HCV: Hepatitis C Virus; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen.

Table 2 Cases of situs inversus totalis presenting with cholelithiasis and their treatment, as reported in the literature (2018-2025)

Ref.	Age (in years) and sex	Symptoms	Diagnoses	Treatment
AlKhlaiwy et al[3], 2019	40, male	Epigastric and left upper quadrant pain for 1 month, associated with intermittent nausea and vomiting	Cholelithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Ponce et al[13], 2020	61, female	Colic abdominal pain, with predominance of it in the left upper quadrant, associated with nausea, of weekly frequency	Cholelithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Du et al[14], 2020	56, female	Nausea, severe chest pain, and epigastric pain	Cholelithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Lakhey et al[10], 2025	30, female	Colicky abdominal pain located over the epigastric and left hypochondrium regions	Cholelithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Jhobta et al[15], 2018	23.female	Intermittent left upper abdomen discomfort and dyspepsia	Cholelithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Jang et al[16], 2019	37, male	Persistent indigestion	Chronic cholecystitis with gallstones	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Sheik-Ali et al[17], 2019	57, female	Epigastric pain	Acute cholecystitis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Mohammed and Arif[18], 2019	28, male	Epigastric pain and left hypochondrial pain	Cholelithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Hernández-Marín and Guevara-Valerio[19], 2020	66, male	Epigastric pain	Cholelithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Herrera Ortiz et al[20], 2021	46, female	Non-bilious vomiting and left-sided abdominal pain	Symptomatic cholelithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Garnica-Rosales et al[21], 2021	26, female	Sudden, intense abdominal pain in the left hypochondrium	Cholelithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Meng et al[22], 2022	32, male	Left upper abdominal pain	Chronic cholecystitis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
He et al[23], 2022	53, female	Intermittent left upper abdominal pain	Cholelithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Montalvo-Javé et al[24], 2022	44, female	Colicky epigastric pain that radiated to the right scapula	Cholelithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Suleimanov et al[25], 2022	38, female	Left upper abdominal and epigastric pain and nausea	Cholelithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Abu-Oddos et al[26], 2023	24, male	Epigastric pain	Cholelithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
M et al, 2023[27]	Middle-aged male	Pain in the left hypochondrium	Cholelithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Raut et al[28], 2023	38, male	Backache and vomiting	Cholelithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Nguyen et al[29], 2024	33, female	Episodic left upper quadrant pain and diffuse epigastric pain	Cholelithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Nassr et al[30], 2024	34, female	Left upper quadrant pain	Cholelithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Althunayan et al[31], 2024	40, female	Pain was located in LUQ, radiating to the back, associated with vomiting	Cholelithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Cunningham et al[32], 2024	54, male	Epigastric pain, dysphagia, and weight loss	Cholelithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Abdullah et al[33], 2025	52, male	Intermittent left upper quadrant abdominal pain	Cholelithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Vázquez-Guerra et al[34], 2025	49, female	Repetitive postprandial colic pain in the epigastrium	Acute calculus cholecystitis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Li et al[35], 2025	67, female	Abdominal pain	Cholecystolithiasis	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Wu et al[36], 2025	73, female	Epigastric pain	FGBD and potential gallbladder ectopia	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

LUQ: Left upper quadrant; FGBD: Functional gallbladder disease.