Clinicopathologic differences before and after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy according to obesity

Table 1 Preoperative clinical characteristics of obese and non-obese patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, %

Variable	Obese (n = 31)	Non-obese (n = 34)	P value
Age (years)	57.9 ± 13.1	59.1 ± 11.9	0.711
Sex (M:F)	14:17	12:22	0.417
Hypertension	45.2	29.4	0.189
Diabetes	19.4	8.8	0.220
ASA score ≥ 3	25.8	2.9	0.008b
HbA1c	6.08 ± 0.68	5.71 ± 0.39	0.014a
Vitamin D (ng/mL)	23.26 ± 7.16	30.91 ± 10.61	0.035a
Elevated triglycerides	41.7	10.0	0.036a
Elevated HDL	0.0	40.0	0.011a

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

M: Male; F: Female; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: Body mass index; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin.

Table 2 Intraoperative and immediate postoperative outcomes in obese and non-obese patients, %

Variable1	Obese (n = 31)	Non-obese (n = 34)	P value
Acute cholecystitis	16.1	2.9	0.067
Anesthesia time (minutes)	106.3 ± 49.3	92.7 ± 33.7	0.194
Hospital stay (days)	1.61 ± 1.20	1.79 ± 1.30	0.562
Intraoperative bile leak	6.5	5.9	0.924
Complications	6.5	0.0	0.132

¹Includes intraoperative data, hospital stay, and recorded postoperative.

Table 3 One-year postoperative outcomes in obese and non-obese patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, %

Variable1	Obese (n = 31)	Non-obese (n = 34)	P value
Improved digestion	16.1	20.6	0.895
Loose stools	22.6	11.8	0.245
Weight gain	29.0	20.6	0.150
Postoperative satisfaction	25.8	38.2	0.924

¹Patient responses were assessed using a standardized questionnaire addressing digestive changes, stool characteristics, and satisfaction with the surgical outcomes.