Immunoglobulin replacement therapy and infection risk in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v14.i9.118210

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Mar 26, 2026 (publication date) through Mar 27, 2026

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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Meta-Analysis

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Clin Cases. Mar 26, 2026; 14(9): 118210
Published online Mar 26, 2026. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v14.i9.118210

Immunoglobulin replacement therapy and infection risk in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Tsampika-Vasileia Kalamara, Konstantinos Dodos, Vasiliki E Georgakopoulou

Tsampika-Vasileia Kalamara, Konstantinos Dodos, Laboratory of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Kentrikí Makedonía, Greece

Vasiliki E Georgakopoulou, Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece

Author contributions: Kalamara TV conducted the statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript; Kalamara TV and Dodos K conceived and designed the study, performed the literature search, study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment; Dodos K contributed to data interpretation and critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; Georgakopoulou VE supervised the study, resolved methodological disagreements, and critically revised the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.

Corresponding author: Vasiliki E Georgakopoulou, MD, Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17 Agiou Toma Street, Athens 11527, Greece. vaso_georgakopoulou@hotmail.com

Received: December 28, 2025
Revised: February 1, 2026
Accepted: March 5, 2026
Published online: March 26, 2026
Processing time: 87 Days and 21 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: Immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) is widely used to prevent infections in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, yet its clinical benefit remains controversial. By applying a dual analytical approach that distinguishes between first infection risk and recurrent infection burden, this meta-analysis demonstrates that IgRT reduces the likelihood of experiencing at least one infection but does not prevent, and may even increase, recurrent infection rates. These findings support a selective, risk-stratified use of IgRT in chronic lymphocytic leukemia rather than routine administration and highlight the need for standardized infection reporting and contemporary trials alongside modern targeted therapies.