Research progress in spasmodic torticollis rehabilitation treatment

Abstract

Spasmodic torticollis (ST) is a focal dystonia that affects adults, causing limited muscle control and impacting daily activities and quality of life. The etiology and curative methods for ST remain unclear. Botulinum toxin is widely used as a first-line treatment, but long-term usage can result in reduced tolerance and adverse effects. Rehabilitation therapy, with its minimal side effects and low potential for harm, holds significant clinical value. This article explores the effectiveness of adjunctive therapies, including exercise therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, shockwave therapy, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, vibration therapy, electromyographic biofeedback, and acupuncture, in the treatment of ST. The aim is to provide clinicians with additional treatment options and to discuss the efficacy of rehabilitation therapy for ST.

Keywords: Spasmodic torticollis; Rehabilitation therapy; Botulinum toxin; Exercise therapy; Adjunctive therapy; Effectiveness

Core Tip: Spasmodic torticollis (ST) is a focal dystonia characterized by involuntary contractions of the neck muscles, significantly impacting daily activities and quality of life. Botulinum toxin is a widely used first-line treatment for ST, but long-term use can lead to reduced efficacy and potential side effects. Surgical interventions may have associated complications. Rehabilitation therapy, including exercise therapy, has potential clinical value as a low-risk treatment option. It can be used as an adjunctive therapy for ST, showing efficacy in improving clinical outcomes and reducing tolerance to botulinum toxin.