Analysis the incidence and related risk factors of depression in patients with esophageal cancer combined with bone metastasis

Table 1 Comparison of general information between the two groups, n (%)

General information	Depression group (n = 42)	Non-occurrence group (n = 58)	Test statistic	P value
Sex			χ2 = 0.103	0.748
Male	24 (57.14)	35 (60.34)
Female	18 (42.86)	23 (39.66)
Age (year), mean ± SD	63.26 ± 4.10	63.85 ± 4.76	t = 0.648	0.519
Marital status			χ2 = 0.077	0.782
Married	37 (88.10)	50 (86.21)
Unmarried/divorced/widowed	5 (11.90)	8 (13.79)
Monthly per capital income			χ2 = 5.609	0.018
≥ 5000 yuan	16 (38.10)	36 (62.07)
< 5000 yuan	26 (61.90)	22 (37.93)
Place of residence			χ2 = 0.201	0.654
Urban	20 (47.62)	25 (43.10)
Rural	22 (52.38)	33 (56.90)
Comorbid hypertension			χ2 = 0.493	0.483
Yes	12 (28.57)	13 (22.41)
No	30 (71.43)	45 (77.59)
Comorbid diabetes			χ2 = 0.027	0.870
Yes	10 (23.81)	13 (22.41)
No	32 (76.19)	45 (77.59)
Drinking history			χ2 = 0.313	0.576
Yes	13 (30.95)	15 (25.86)
No	29 (69.05)	43 (74.14)
Smoking history			χ2 = 3.024	0.082
Yes	11 (26.19)	25 (43.10)
No	31 (73.81)	33 (56.90)
Social support			χ2 = 7.441	0.024
Low	17 (40.48)	11 (18.97)
Medium	15 (35.71)	20 (34.48)
High	10 (23.81)	27 (46.55)
Education level			χ2 = 4.677	0.031
High school and above	14 (33.33)	32 (55.17)
Junior high school and below	28 (66.67)	26 (44.83)
Sleep disorder			χ2 = 6.172	0.013
Yes	25 (59.52)	20 (34.48)
No	17 (40.48)	38 (65.52)

Table 2 Comparison of disease data between the two groups, n (%)

Disease data	Depression group (n = 42)	Non-occurrence group (n = 58)	χ²	P value
Tumor location			0.419	0.811
Upper segment	6 (14.29)	10 (17.24)
Middle segment	28 (66.67)	35 (60.34)
Lower segment	8 (19.05)	13 (22.41)
Tumor type			0.027	0.870
Squamous cell carcinoma	32 (76.19)	45 (77.59)
Adenocarcinoma	10 (23.81)	13 (22.41)
Surgical treatment			0.039	0.843
Yes	4 (9.52)	5 (8.62)
No	38 (90.48)	53 (91.38)
Number of bone metastases			0.201	0.654
> 3 lesions	22 (52.38)	33 (56.90)
≤ 3 lesions	20 (47.62)	25 (43.10)
Site of bone metastases			0.066	0.797
Axial bones (pelvis, spine)	25 (59.52)	36 (62.07)
Peripheral bones	17 (40.48)	22 (37.93)
Clinical stage			0.164	0.685
Stage I–II	20 (47.62)	30 (51.72)
Stage III–IV	22 (52.38)	28 (48.28)
Skeletal-related events			0.041	0.839
Yes	8 (19.05)	12 (20.69)
No	34 (80.95)	46 (79.31)

Table 3 Comparison of laboratory indicators between the two groups, mean ± SD

Laboratory indicator	Depression group (n = 42)	Non-occurrence group (n = 58)	t value	P value
WBC (× 109/L)	3.20 ± 0.34	3.18 ± 0.39	0.267	0.790
hs-CRP (mg/L)	75.33 ± 6.68	62.35 ± 7.10	9.248	< 0.001
Total protein (g/L)	64.33 ± 5.87	64.95 ± 5.29	0.552	0.582
Albumin (g/L)	38.02 ± 4.47	37.92 ± 4.25	0.114	0.910

WBC: White blood cell; hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

Table 4 Description of independent variables

Independent variable	Type	Assignment
Monthly household income per capital	Categorical	1: < 5000 yuan
		0: ≥ 5000 yuan
Educational level	Categorical	1: Junior high school or below
		0: High school or above
Social support	Categorical	1: High
		2: Medium
		3: Low
Sleep disorder	Categorical	1: Yes
		0: No
hs-CRP	Continuous	-
Smoking history	Categorical	1: Yes
		0: No

hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

Table 5 Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for depression in patients with esophageal cancer and bone metastasis

Variable	B	SE	Wald	P value	OR	95%CI
Constant	-20.661	2.285	81.795	< 0.001	-	-
Monthly income per capital	0.978	0.417	5.491	0.019	2.659	1.173-6.026
Educational level	0.901	0.421	4.588	0.032	2.462	1.080-5.613
Social support (low)	1.629	0.529	9.479	0.002	5.100	1.808-14.388
Social support (medium)	1.263	0.518	5.942	0.015	3.536	1.281-9.760
Sleep disorder	1.028	0.418	6.028	0.014	2.794	1.230-6.346
hs-CRP	0.273	0.054	25.848	< 0.001	1.314	1.183-1.460
Smoking history	-0.744	0.620	1.439	0.230	0.475	0.141-1.603

OR: Odds ratio; SE: Standard error; CI: Confidence interval; hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein.