Published online Jan 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i1.110875
Revised: August 15, 2025
Accepted: October 21, 2025
Published online: January 19, 2026
Processing time: 168 Days and 17.9 Hours
Esophageal cancer is highly malignant and frequently metastasizes to bones. Con
To determine the incidence of depression and its independent risk factors in pa
A total of 100 consecutive eligible patients admitted between March 2022 and March 2025 were recruited. Depression was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II; scores > 4 defined the depression group (n = 42) and scores ≤ 4 the non-depression group (n = 58). Demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables were compared between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors.
Depression prevalence was 42.0% (42/100). Univariate analysis demonstrated significant differences in monthly per-capita household income, education level, social support, sleep disorders, and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (all P < 0.05); no differences were observed in sex, age, tumor characteristics, or other laboratory indices (all P > 0.05). Multivariable analysis revealed the following independent risk factors for depression: Low income [odds ratio (OR) = 2.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-6.03], low education (OR = 2.46, 95%CI: 1.08-5.61), low social support (OR = 5.10, 95%CI: 1.81-14.39), sleep disorders (OR = 2.79, 95%CI: 1.23-6.35), and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (OR = 1.31 per unit increase, 95%CI: 1.18-1.46).
Depression is common among patients with esophageal cancer and bone metastasis. Low socioeconomic status, limited education, insufficient social support, sleep disturbances, and systemic inflammation were independent predictors. Interventions that address these modifiable factors may reduce depression risk in this population.
Core Tip: This retrospective study recruited 100 patients with esophageal cancer and bone metastasis, finding 42% had depression (assessed via Beck Depression Inventory-II). Multivariate logistic regression identified five independent risk factors: low monthly per capital household income [odds ratio (OR) = 2.66], low education (OR = 2.46), low social support (OR = 5.10), sleep disorders (OR = 2.79), and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (OR = 1.31 per unit increase). Targeted interventions for these factors may lower depression risk in this population.