Liu X, Fang Q, Sun YD, Liu N, Liang HH, Li L. Effects of celecoxib combined with duloxetine on chronic pain, depression, and anxiety in patients with knee osteoarthritis. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(1): 110298 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i1.110298]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Liang Li, MD, Pain Ward of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China. ll2271005@163.com
Research Domain of This Article
Psychology
Article-Type of This Article
Retrospective Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Jan 19, 2026 (publication date) through Dec 31, 2025
Times Cited of This Article
Times Cited (0)
Journal Information of This Article
Publication Name
World Journal of Psychiatry
ISSN
2220-3206
Publisher of This Article
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
Share the Article
Liu X, Fang Q, Sun YD, Liu N, Liang HH, Li L. Effects of celecoxib combined with duloxetine on chronic pain, depression, and anxiety in patients with knee osteoarthritis. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(1): 110298 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i1.110298]
Xin Liu, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
Qing Fang, Yin-Di Sun, Liang Li, Pain Ward of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
Na Liu, Hao-Hao Liang, Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedic Trauma Rehabilitation Ward, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
Author contributions: Liu X and Fang Q designed the study, collected and analyzed data, and wrote the manuscript; Liu X, Sun YD, Liu N, Li L and Liang HH participated in the study’s conception and data collection; Liu X, Fang Q and Liang HH participated in study design and provided guidance; all authors read and approved the final version.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, approval No. 2025-KY-097-01.
Informed consent statement: Patients were not required to give informed consent to the study because the analysis used anonymous clinical data that were obtained after each patient agreed to treatment by written consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no financial relationships to disclose.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Liang Li, MD, Pain Ward of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China. ll2271005@163.com
Received: August 8, 2025 Revised: September 23, 2025 Accepted: October 30, 2025 Published online: January 19, 2026 Processing time: 144 Days and 17.8 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), a common disabling pathology characterized by knee joint pain, swelling, and functional impairment, primarily affects middle-aged and older adults. In addition to physical limitations, chronic pain often leads to psychological problems, including anxiety and depression, which further impact patients’ quality of life.
AIM
To examine the efficacy and safety of celecoxib plus duloxetine in managing chronic pain, anxiety, and depression in patients with KOA.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 123 patients with KOA treated at our center between February 2020 and February 2023. Of these, 66 received celecoxib plus duloxetine, and 57 received celecoxib alone. Outcomes were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scales (SAS)/Self-Rating Depression Scales (SDS). Safety was evaluated by monitoring changes in liver function enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase), creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen.
RESULTS
Patients receiving celecoxib plus duloxetine showed significantly greater reductions in VAS and WOMAC and greater improvements in SAS and SDS scores compared with those receiving celecoxib alone. Hepatorenal function did not differ significantly between the treatment groups. Logistic regression analysis identified patient age, educational background, and treatment regimen as independent predictors of inadequate improvement in negative emotional symptoms.
CONCLUSION
In patients with KOA, celecoxib plus duloxetine effectively mitigates chronic pain and improves anxiety and depressive symptoms without increasing adverse hepatic or renal effects. These findings support its use as a safe and effective treatment option.
Core Tip: This study provides an in-depth evaluation of the effects of celecoxib combined with duloxetine on chronic pain, anxiety, and depression in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The findings indicate that the combined regimen is more effective than monotherapy in reducing pain, improving knee function, and alleviating anxiety and depression. Furthermore, patient age, educational background, and treatment regimen were identified as independent factors influencing emotional outcomes, offering practical guidance for individualized treatment planning. These findings highlight the potential of this therapeutic approach to improve overall clinical outcomes and quality of life in patients with KOA.
Citation: Liu X, Fang Q, Sun YD, Liu N, Liang HH, Li L. Effects of celecoxib combined with duloxetine on chronic pain, depression, and anxiety in patients with knee osteoarthritis. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(1): 110298
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), a leading cause of disability in older adults, is a degenerative joint disease most commonly diagnosed in individuals aged 45 years and older[1]. It is characterized by progressive structural deterioration of the knee joint cartilage and the osteochondral junction, resulting from an imbalance between tissue destruction and repair[2]. Globally, approximately 13% of women aged 70 years and older and nearly 10% of men in the same age group present with symptomatic KOA[3]. In China, domestic studies have reported osteoarthritis prevalence rates exceeding 50% among geriatric populations[4]. Clinical manifestations of KOA include knee arthralgia, swelling, and impaired joint function. Persistent chronic pain can contribute to both psychological and physiological dysfunction, significantly compromising quality of life and limiting social participation. This cycle of pain and disability is also associated with increased risk of psychological disorders, including depression[5].
Chronic pain is a common clinical symptom of KOA and one of the primary reasons patients seek medical care, as pain associated with osteoarthritis is frequently related to physical activity[6]. However, the etiology of pain in KOA is not limited to changes in the affected joint structures, but instead arises from interactions between structural changes and alterations in peripheral and central pain-processing mechanisms[7]. A defining feature of osteoarthritis is the progressive degradation of joint cartilage, which substantially contributes to disability[8]. Persistent pain and disability not only impair overall well-being but also increase susceptibility to depression and anxiety[9]. Current analgesic options for osteoarthritis provide only short-term relief, and no available medication has been shown to accurately improve the pathological progression of osteoarthritis. Duloxetine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is widely used in psychiatric disorders and has been increasingly employed in treating fibromyalgia, neuralgia, and chronic musculoskeletal pain[9]. In osteoarthritis, duloxetine has shown significant benefits in reducing pain and improving knee function[10]. However, the effects of combining celecoxib with duloxetine on chronic pain, comorbid anxiety, and depression in patients with KOA remain insufficiently characterized.
In this study, we evaluated the analgesic efficacy of celecoxib plus duloxetine in KOA and its impact on anxiety and depression, offering valuable insights for clinical management.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patient information
A retrospective cohort of patients with KOA who received care at Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, between February 2020 and February 2023, was included in this study.
Case selection criteria
Eligible patients were required to meet all of the following criteria: (1) A confirmed diagnosis of primary osteoarthritis[11]; (2) No pharmacological treatment within the previous 4 weeks; (3) Age between 50 and 80 years; (4) No sex restriction; (5) Presence of chronic pain symptoms; (6) A pretreatment score greater than 50 on the Self-Rating Anxiety Scales (SAS)/Self-Rating Depression Scales (SDS) score[12,13]; and (7) Complete clinical documentation.
Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis or other autoimmune diseases; (2) Severe preexisting cardiac, hepatic, or renal dysfunction; (3) Malignant tumors; (4) Severe knee joint deformities; or (5) A history of knee surgery or traumatic arthritis.
Patient grouping
Based on the case selection criteria, we identified 123 eligible cases. Among these, 66 patients received combination therapy with celecoxib and duloxetine, forming the study group for this research. Additionally, 57 patients who received celecoxib treatment alone were selected as the control group.
Therapeutic regimen
Patients in the study group received duloxetine hydrochloride enteric-coated capsules (Cymbalta, Eli Lilly and Company) at a dose of 30 mg orally twice daily, along with celecoxib capsules (Celebrex, Pfizer) at a dose of 200 mg orally once daily. The treatment duration for both medications was 8 weeks. Conversely, patients in the control group received only celecoxib, administered orally at 200 mg once daily for 8 consecutive weeks.
According to prescribing information, the standard recommended dosage of duloxetine is 60 mg daily, typically administered 30 mg twice daily, and it can be taken with or without food. Duloxetine is contraindicated in patients with end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis and in those with severe renal impairment [estimated creatinine (Cr) clearance < 30 mL/minute; see Pharmacology and Toxicology]. Use in patients with any degree of hepatic impairment is not recommended. No age-based dose adjustments are required for older adults; however, clinical caution is advised. The management of duloxetine-related adverse reactions requires targeted measures based on specific symptoms. Common management strategies include: (1) Nausea/vomiting: Often occurs during initial treatment; small, frequent meals may help; severe cases require medical evaluation for dose adjustment or altered timing; (2) Headache/dizziness: Increased fluid intake and, if possible, pain relievers may be used; persistent symptoms beyond 2 weeks warrant medical evaluation; (3) Insomnia: May improve by adjusting the dosing schedule to bedtime; short-acting hypnotics may be considered for short-term use, avoiding long-term dependency; (4) Sexual dysfunction: Typically emerges early; may improve with dose modification or switching therapy; and (5) Anxiety: Supportive counseling is recommended; short-term anti-anxiety therapy may be used when necessary. In special cases: (1) Diarrhea: Mild cases usually resolve without intervention; severe cases may require oral rehydration therapy or dose adjustment under medical supervision; and (2) Withdrawal symptoms: Gradual dose reduction under physician guidance is essential to minimize abrupt discontinuation effects.
Collection of clinical data
Clinical information was obtained from patients’ electronic medical records and outpatient follow-up documentation. Baseline variables included sex, age, body mass index (BMI), history of hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and alcohol consumption, as well as educational background and employment status. Laboratory indices consisted of pre- and post-treatment alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Cr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), all assessed using a fully automated biochemical analyzer (Beckman Coulter AU5800) with standardized reagent kits. Functional outcomes were evaluated using pre- and post-treatment scores on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)[14], the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)[15], SAS, and SDS.
Outcome measures
This analysis included several outcome measures: (1) Baseline characteristics were compared between the groups; (2) Changes in patients’ functional scores were evaluated before and after treatment; (3) Pre- and post-treatment hepatorenal function indices were compared; (4) Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed before and after the intervention; (5) Adverse reactions were documented and analyzed; (6) Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the determinants of negative emotion; and (7) The predictive ability of the identified risk factors for negative emotions was visualized using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs).
Statistical analysis
All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 26.0. Normality of distribution was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. For measurement data, normally distributed variables were expressed as mean ± SD, while nonnormally distributed variables were expressed as median and interquartile range [P50 (P25, P75)] and compared using independent samples t-tests and nonparametric tests. Categorical variables were analyzed using the χ2 test. Variables with P < 0.05 in univariate analysis, along with clinically relevant indicators potentially associated with persistence of negative emotions, were entered into a multivariable binary logistic regression model. A two-tailed P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
Baseline data comparison
The comparison of baseline characteristics between groups revealed balanced distributions in sex, age, BMI, history of hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, educational background, or employment status (P < 0.05; Table 1).
Pre- and post-treatment functional score comparisons
Changes in VAS and WOMAC scores were assessed. Baseline scores did not differ significantly between the two groups (P > 0.05). Both groups showed significant reductions in VAS and WOMAC scores after treatment (P < 0.05), indicating pain relief and improved joint function. Further post-treatment analysis revealed a greater reduction in both scale scores in the study group compared with the control group (P < 0.05, Table 2), highlighting the superior efficacy of celecoxib plus duloxetine.
Pre- and post-treatment hepatorenal function comparisons
Changes in ALT, AST, Cr, and BUN were evaluated. No significant differences were observed between the groups either before or after treatment (P > 0.05, Table 3). This result indicates that neither regimen adversely affected hepatorenal function, as evidenced by stable biomarker levels throughout the study period.
Comparison of pre- and post-treatment anxiety and depression scores
Changes in SAS and SDS scores were evaluated. Baseline scores did not differ significantly between the two groups (P > 0.05), indicating comparable pretreatment levels of anxiety and depression. Both groups exhibited marked SAS and SDS score reductions post-treatment (P < 0.001), indicating improvements in anxiety and depression symptoms. However, post-treatment scores were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.001, Table 4), highlighting the greater efficacy of celecoxib plus duloxetine in alleviating negative emotions.
Analysis of risk factors for non-alleviation of adverse emotions
Patients were categorized based on post-treatment SAS and SDS scores. Those with scores ≥ 50 were assigned to the non-alleviation group (n = 40), and those with scores < 50 were assigned to the alleviation group (n = 83). Univariate analysis identified age, educational background, and treatment regimen as significant risk factors influencing persistence of adverse emotions (P < 0.001, Table 6). Multivariable logistic regression further revealed that age ≥ 65 years, education below junior high school, and receiving the conventional treatment regimen were independent risk factors for non-alleviation in adverse emotions (P < 0.007, Table 7).
Table 6 Comparison of baseline data of patients with negative emotion, n (%).
Predictive value of risk factors for non-alleviation of adverse emotions
ROC curve analysis was performed using the identified risk factors. The results showed that age, educational background, and treatment regimen had area under the curve values of 0.673, 0.600, and 0.749, respectively, for predicting non-alleviation of adverse emotions (Figure 1).
Figure 1 Clinical value of risk factors in predicting adverse emotions.
A: Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of age in predicting the lack of alleviation in adverse emotions after treatment; B: ROC of educational level in predicting the lack of alleviation in adverse emotions after treatment; C: ROC of treatment plan in predicting post-treatment adverse emotion alleviation failure.
DISCUSSION
The combination of celecoxib and duloxetine was found to alleviate chronic pain and reduce anxiety and depression in patients with KOA without increasing adverse reactions or impairing hepatorenal function. These findings indicate both the effectiveness and safety of this treatment regimen, supporting its potential in optimizing the clinical management of KOA.
KOA is frequently associated with persistent pain, with older adults being disproportionately affected. Weight-bearing activities often aggravate symptoms, causing a significant decline in quality of life[16]. In osteoarthritis, analgesics are typically prescribed using a stepwise approach[17]. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are commonly applied to chronic pain control, may trigger gastrointestinal tract toxicities and increase cardiovascular events[18]. Duloxetine, originally developed for treating severe depression, has since been proven in clinical trials to be effective for pain relief in osteoarthritis[19]. Multiple placebo-controlled trials have evaluated the efficacy of duloxetine in patients with osteoarthritis, reporting effect sizes of 0.4-0.5 for pain and 0.6 for disability[20,21]. Based on these trials, the Osteoarthritis Research Society International recommends duloxetine for patients with KOA who also present with depression and/or widespread pain[22]. Similarly, the American College of Rheumatology conditionally recommends duloxetine for patients with osteoarthritis[23]. Mechanistically, duloxetine inhibits the neuronal reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, thus reducing the pain associated with central sensitization[24]. As a serotonergic-noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor, duloxetine enhances descending pain-inhibitory pathways, restores the balance between inhibitory and facilitatory signaling, reduces pain signal transmission at the spinal cord level, and produces analgesic effects[25].
In our study, the combination of celecoxib and duloxetine exhibited effectiveness not only in directly relieving pain but also in producing significant psychological benefits. Celecoxib, an effective NSAID, when combined with duloxetine, provides patients with chronic pain a safer and more comprehensive treatment option by reducing the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side effects associated with conventional NSAID therapy[26]. Furthermore, the dual antidepressant mechanisms of duloxetine not only help alleviate the psychological burden caused by long-term pain but may also improve the overall effectiveness of pain treatment by enhancing emotional well-being. Consistent with our findings, Zeng et al[27], sodium hyaluronate + celecoxib leads to marked mitigation of pain symptoms and knee joint function in patients with KOA, while reducing adverse events. Similarly, our findings further validate the immediate therapeutic benefits attributable to this combination therapy. Furthermore, platelet-rich plasma combined with celecoxib has also been proposed to exert positive immediate effects in treating KOA, evidenced by HSS knee joint score increases and VAS pain score reductions[28]. Collectively, these studies corroborate our research results, indicating that pharmacological combination approaches effectively improve symptomatic relief while enhancing treatment safety and effectiveness in patients with KOA. Overall, celecoxib combined with duloxetine represents an emerging and holistic therapeutic strategy for KOA, helping to boost patients’ overall health status and quality of life.
KOA-induced persistent pain is a major contributor to anxiety and depressive symptoms, which in turn exacerbate pain perception, reduce treatment adherence, and may ultimately lead to social isolation and diminished quality of life[29]. Epidemiological studies indicate that approximately 20% to 90% of individuals with chronic pain are diagnosed with depression, and the lifetime prevalence of depression among chronic pain patients is more than three times higher than among those without chronic pain[30]. The relationship between chronic pain and mood disorders is complex, involving extensive interactions at the neurobiological level. In this comorbidity of chronic pain and mood disorders, alterations in several key neurotransmitters are considered the basis for their mutual influence, including monoaminergic neurotransmitters, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, corticotropin-releasing hormone, and oxytocin[31]. Sustained emotional strain potentiates health issues, highlighting the crucial role of negative emotion management in improving the overall well-being of patients with KOA[17]. This study identified several negative emotion determinants in patients with KOA. Individuals aged ≥ 65 years, those with an educational background below junior high school, and those receiving celecoxib monotherapy were at an elevated risk of experiencing minimal improvement. Older adults, due to potential chronic conditions and diminished physical capacity, often experience impaired quality of life and heightened psychological stress. The constriction of social participation coupled with inadequate support structures can further foster isolation and withdrawal behaviors, compounding affective disturbances[32]. Similarly, limited educational attainment is linked to weakened self-care awareness, due to barriers to medical knowledge acquisition and comprehension[33]. Such patients may encounter compromised systemic healthcare accessibility and suboptimal treatment allocation, worsening psychological comorbidities[34]. The celecoxib-only regimen primarily targets the relief of physical pain while neglecting affective and psychological issues. Although celecoxib is effective in attenuating nociceptive signaling, it exerts a negligible impact on pain-induced affective disorders. Excluding duloxetine, an antidepressant with established efficacy in alleviating chronic pain-related emotional distress, may therefore result in inadequate psychiatric symptom management. For high-risk individuals, tailored and holistic treatments are needed, with targeted mental health optimization strategies, to improve outcomes and overall well-being.
Despite encouraging therapeutic results observed with the celecoxib-duloxetine combination in KOA management, this study has several limitations. The study was constrained by a restricted cohort size and a short follow-up period. As a single-center, retrospective study, it was further limited by potential baseline imbalances and the risk of selection bias. Data collection was incomplete; important variables, including patient treatment adherence (e.g., medication adherence rates) and details of dose adjustments, were not recorded, which may have affected the accuracy of the efficacy analysis. Additionally, stratified analyses were not performed to account for differences in patients’ educational attainment, health literacy, or healthcare-seeking behaviors, thereby limiting the ability to design targeted interventions. Furthermore, we compared only celecoxib combined with duloxetine against celecoxib monotherapy, without evaluating cost-effectiveness relative to other combination therapies (such as celecoxib plus psychological intervention). This omission restricts the ability to highlight the unique advantages of the drug combination. Future research should address these limitations by recruiting larger, more representative samples, extending the observation period, and conducting comparative analyses with alternative combination strategies. Such efforts would provide stronger evidence regarding long-term therapeutic efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of celecoxib-duloxetine therapy in KOA management.
CONCLUSION
Combining celecoxib with duloxetine for KOA treatment exhibited significant efficacy in reducing pain, improving joint function, and alleviating associated anxiety and depressive symptoms. In addition to these therapeutic benefits, the combined regimen was well tolerated and did not result in a significant increase in adverse reactions, supporting both its effectiveness and safety. These findings provide valuable insights into KOA management and contribute to strategies aimed at improving patients’ overall quality of life.
Footnotes
Provenance and peer review: Unsolicited article; Externally peer reviewed.
Peer-review model: Single blind
Specialty type: Psychiatry
Country of origin: China
Peer-review report’s classification
Scientific Quality: Grade B, Grade C
Novelty: Grade C, Grade C
Creativity or Innovation: Grade B, Grade B
Scientific Significance: Grade B, Grade C
P-Reviewer: Kaurani L, PhD, Germany; Obispo-Portero B, MD, Spain S-Editor: Lin C L-Editor: A P-Editor: Zhang L
Krebs EE, Gravely A, Nugent S, Jensen AC, DeRonne B, Goldsmith ES, Kroenke K, Bair MJ, Noorbaloochi S. Effect of Opioid vs Nonopioid Medications on Pain-Related Function in Patients With Chronic Back Pain or Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis Pain: The SPACE Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA. 2018;319:872-882.
[RCA] [PubMed] [DOI] [Full Text][Cited by in Crossref: 666][Cited by in RCA: 670][Article Influence: 95.7][Reference Citation Analysis (0)]
Sachau J, Otto JC, Kirchhofer V, Larsen JB, Kennes LN, Hüllemann P, Arendt-Nielsen L, Baron R. Development of a bedside tool-kit for assessing sensitization in patients with chronic osteoarthritis knee pain or chronic knee pain after total knee replacement.Pain. 2022;163:308-318.
[RCA] [PubMed] [DOI] [Full Text][Cited by in Crossref: 11][Cited by in RCA: 22][Article Influence: 7.3][Reference Citation Analysis (0)]
Yue T, Li Q, Wang R, Liu Z, Guo M, Bai F, Zhang Z, Wang W, Cheng Y, Wang H. Comparison of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety/Depression Scale (SAS/SDS) in Evaluating Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis.Dermatology. 2020;236:170-178.
[RCA] [PubMed] [DOI] [Full Text][Cited by in Crossref: 41][Cited by in RCA: 114][Article Influence: 19.0][Reference Citation Analysis (0)]
Collins NJ, Misra D, Felson DT, Crossley KM, Roos EM. Measures of knee function: International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-PS), Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADL), Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Activity Rating Scale (ARS), and Tegner Activity Score (TAS).Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63 Suppl 11:S208-S228.
[RCA] [PubMed] [DOI] [Full Text][Cited by in Crossref: 672][Cited by in RCA: 894][Article Influence: 68.8][Reference Citation Analysis (0)]
Kolasinski SL, Neogi T, Hochberg MC, Oatis C, Guyatt G, Block J, Callahan L, Copenhaver C, Dodge C, Felson D, Gellar K, Harvey WF, Hawker G, Herzig E, Kwoh CK, Nelson AE, Samuels J, Scanzello C, White D, Wise B, Altman RD, DiRenzo D, Fontanarosa J, Giradi G, Ishimori M, Misra D, Shah AA, Shmagel AK, Thoma LM, Turgunbaev M, Turner AS, Reston J. 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hand, Hip, and Knee.Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020;72:220-233.
[RCA] [PubMed] [DOI] [Full Text][Cited by in Crossref: 723][Cited by in RCA: 1138][Article Influence: 227.6][Reference Citation Analysis (0)]
Giordano R, Ghafouri B, Arendt-Nielsen L, Petersen KK. Inflammatory biomarkers in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis: exploring the potential link to chronic postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty-a secondary analysis.Pain. 2024;165:337-346.
[RCA] [PubMed] [DOI] [Full Text][Cited by in Crossref: 7][Cited by in RCA: 6][Article Influence: 6.0][Reference Citation Analysis (0)]
