Myeloid sarcoma transformed from myeloproliferative neoplasm: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 Summary of previously published cases of myeloid sarcoma arising from myeloproliferative neoplasms

Age	Sex	MPN subtype	Mutations (TP53/MYC/other)	Treatment regimen	Outcome	Ref.
63	M	MDS/MPN overlap syndrome	TP53 (+); MYC (-); Complex cytogenetics (monosomies 18/19/21, 5q/7q abnormalities)	Decitabine + venetoclax → SCT	CR with complete cytogenetic response	[7]
18	M	CML	TP53 (-); MYC (-); t(9;22) (BCR-ABL1+)	Nilotinib	Alive, 2 years post-treatment	[8]
39	M	CML	TP53 (-); MYC (-); t(9;22)	Imatinib + Ara-C + high-dose dexamethasone + local radiotherapy	Dead, 2 months post-treatment	[9]
49	M	CML	TP53 (-); MYC (-); t(9;22)	Busulfan + local radiotherapy + surgery	Outcome not available	[10]
50	F	CML	TP53 (-); MYC (-); t(9;22)	Surgery + radiotherapy	Outcome not available	[11]
50	M	MPN (unspecified)	TP53 (-); MYC (-); BCR-ABL1 (+)	Dasatinib + Ara-C + SCT	Dead, 76 days post-SCT	[12]
59	F	ET	TP53 (-); MYC (-); +1, der (1;13) (q10;q10), del(7) (q22q32)	Imatinib + Ara-C + ETP	Dead, 1 month post-treatment	[13]
62	M	CML	TP53 (-); MYC (-); complex karyotype [including t(9;22)]	Imatinib	Dead	[14]
63	M	MF	TP53 (-); MYC (-); JAK2 (+)	Ruxolitinib	Dead, 10 months post-treatment	[15]
60	M	PMF, (CALR-positive)	TP53: Negative; MYC: Negative; other: CALR L367fs*46, ASXL1 E635R, KRAS A146T, SH2B3 R265Q	Death intraoperatively due to irreversible hemorrhagic shock	Death intraoperatively due to irreversible hemorrhagic shock	[16]
53-	M	PMF, (pre-fibrotic)	TP53: Negative; MYC: Negative; Other: CALR type-2 (ins5-bp), NPM1 (nuclear dislocation)	Palliative splenectomy	Complete morphologic/immunophenotypic remission; subcutaneous nodules resolved; residual FDG-PET uptake	[17]
51-	F	PMF, (JAK2-mutated)	TP53: Negative; MYC: Negative; other: JAK2 V617F	“3 + 7” induction chemotherapy (daunorubicin + Ara-C); consolidation with intermediate-dose Ara-C; radiotherapy (contralateral arm)	Orbital MS regression; leukemic transformation to AML; death 6 months post-diagnosis due to aspergillus pneumonia, sepsis, and multiple organ failure	[18]

MDS: Myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms; MPN: Myeloproliferative neoplasms; CML: Chronic myeloid leukemia; ET: Essential thrombocythemia; MF: Myelofibrosis; Ara-C: Cytarabin; ETP: Etoposide; PMF: Primary myelofibrosis; CR: Complete remission; TP53: Tumor protein 53; F: Female; M: Male.