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World J Clin Oncol. Jan 24, 2026; 17(1): 113600
Published online Jan 24, 2026. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v17.i1.113600
Pleiotropic regulation of mitochondrial translational factors in governing proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis during cancer progression
Nikita Agarwal, Uttam Sharma, Akshi Shree, Rajiv Ranjan Kumar, Jaya Kanta Gorain, Vaishnavi Vishwas, Farhana Jahan, Archna Singh, Jayanth Kumar Palanichamy, Deepam Pushpam, Radhika Bakhshi, Anita Chopra, Ranjit Kumar Sahoo, Atul Batra, Surender K Sharawat, Sameer Bakhshi
Nikita Agarwal, Uttam Sharma, Akshi Shree, Rajiv Ranjan Kumar, Jaya Kanta Gorain, Vaishnavi Vishwas, Farhana Jahan, Deepam Pushpam, Ranjit Kumar Sahoo, Atul Batra, Surender K Sharawat, Sameer Bakhshi, Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
Akshi Shree, Department of Biomedical Science, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, New Delhi 110096, Delhi, India
Archna Singh, Jayanth Kumar Palanichamy, Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
Radhika Bakhshi, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110096, Delhi, India
Radhika Bakhshi, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110016, Delhi, India
Anita Chopra, Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
Co-first authors: Nikita Agarwal and Uttam Sharma.
Author contributions: Agarwal N, Sharma U, Shree A, Kumar RR, Gorain JK, Vishwas V, and Jahan F contributed to writing and editing the final draft of the manuscript; Singh A, Palanichamy JK, Pushpam D, Bakhshi R, Chopra A, Sahoo, RK, Batra A, Sharawat SK, and Bakhshi S contributed to the discussion and conception of the manuscript; Agarwal N and Sharma U contributed equally to this manuscript as co-first authors of this manuscript. All the authors critically revised and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Supported by Department of Biotechnology-Junior Research Fellowship, No. DBTHRDPMU/JRF/BRT-41/I/2024-25/144 and No. DBT-RA/2024-25/Call-I/RA/41; University Grants Commission-Junior Research Fellowship, No. 211610188930; Indian Council of Medical Research, No. ICMR-2023-7664 and No. ICMR-2021-9712-F1; and Anusandhan National Research Foundation-Science & Engineering Research Board, No. CRG/2021/001887.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Sameer Bakhshi, MD, Professor, Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar East, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India. sambakh@hotmail.com
Received: August 29, 2025
Revised: September 16, 2025
Accepted: November 26, 2025
Published online: January 24, 2026
Processing time: 144 Days and 3 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Mitochondrial translation machinery synthesizes 13 essential oxidative phosphorylation proteins through specialized ribosomes, translation factors and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins. This review demonstrates how the dysregulation of these components drives key cancer hallmarks, including sustained proliferation through enhanced adenosine triphosphate production, resistance to cell death via disrupted reactive oxygen species/AMP-activated protein kinase signaling, and invasion and metastasis through epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cytoskeletal remodeling. Preclinical evidence supports therapeutic targeting using agents like tigecycline and nanobodies, showing significant anti-tumor effects across multiple cancer types. Translation factors emerge as both prognostic biomarkers and actionable therapeutic targets, positioning mitochondrial translation as a promising vulnerability for metabolism-based cancer treatments with clinical translation potential.