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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. Dec 22, 2025; 16(4): 110243
Published online Dec 22, 2025. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v16.i4.110243
Published online Dec 22, 2025. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v16.i4.110243
Gender, racial, and stage-specific trends in esophageal cancer: Insights from longitudinal population data
Silpa Choday, Anthony Yeung, Tina Younger, Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85012, United States
Paul Kang, Department of Clinical Research and Public Health, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85012, United States
Wael Youssef, Department of Gastroenterology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85012, United States
Author contributions: Choday S analyzed the data and wrote the major sections of the manuscript; Yeung A performed the research; Kang P designed the research study; Younger T and Youssef W reviewed the final manuscript and made necessary corrections; all of the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.
Institutional review board statement: Age-adjusted incidence and incidence-based mortality rates for esophageal cancer were derived from the SEER rate sessions using SEER*Stat version 8.4.4. No Institutional Review Board approval needed.
Clinical trial registration statement: Age-adjusted incidence and incidence-based mortality rates for esophageal cancer were derived from the SEER rate sessions using SEER*Stat version 8.4.4. No clinical trial registration statement needed.
Informed consent statement: Age-adjusted incidence and incidence-based mortality rates for esophageal cancer were derived from the SEER rate sessions using SEER*Stat version 8.4.4. No informed consent statement needed.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflict of interest in publishing the manuscript.
CONSORT 2010 statement: The authors have read the CONSORT 2010 Statement, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CONSORT 2010 Statement.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Silpa Choday, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, 3110 N Central Avenue, Phoenix, AZ 85012, United States.
Received: June 3, 2025
Revised: July 17, 2025
Accepted: November 26, 2025
Published online: December 22, 2025
Processing time: 203 Days and 5.6 Hours
Revised: July 17, 2025
Accepted: November 26, 2025
Published online: December 22, 2025
Processing time: 203 Days and 5.6 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This population-based study uses Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data (2004-2021) to assess trends in esophageal cancer incidence and mortality by demographic and clinical characteristics. While overall incidence is declining - particularly among males and non-Hispanic Black individuals - mortality remains disproportionately high in older adults, males, and those with distant-stage disease. Notably, non-Hispanic Whites show a concerning upward trend in mortality. These findings highlight persistent disparities and underscore the need for targeted prevention, early detection, and improved treatment strategies.