Jagtap SV, Jagtap SS. Evaluation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma with tumor budding and lymphocytic infiltration as prognostic marker. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2025; 17(11): 110798 [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i11.110798]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Sunil V Jagtap, MD, Professor, Department of Pathology, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Malkapur, Karad 415110, Maharashtra, India. drsvjagtap@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Oncology
Article-Type of This Article
Letter to the Editor
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Nov 15, 2025; 17(11): 110798 Published online Nov 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i11.110798
Evaluation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma with tumor budding and lymphocytic infiltration as prognostic marker
Sunil V Jagtap, Shubham S Jagtap
Sunil V Jagtap, Department of Pathology, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad 415110, Maharashtra, India
Shubham S Jagtap, Department of Medicine, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad 415110, Maharashtra, India
Co-first authors: Sunil V Jagtap and Shubham S Jagtap.
Author contributions: Jagtap SV designed the research study and contributed new update and analytic tools; Jagtap SS analyzed the data, have read and approved the final manuscript; Jagtap SV and Jagtap SS performed the research and wrote the manuscript; Jagtap SV and Jagtap SS contributed equally to this manuscript and are co-first authors.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Sunil V Jagtap, MD, Professor, Department of Pathology, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Malkapur, Karad 415110, Maharashtra, India. drsvjagtap@gmail.com
Received: June 16, 2025 Revised: July 18, 2025 Accepted: September 8, 2025 Published online: November 15, 2025 Processing time: 151 Days and 19.2 Hours
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most prevalent type of pancreatic neoplasm. It is a highly aggressive lethal malignancy related to its delayed in diagnosis and limited response to treatments. The incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer have been increasing over the years. Tumor budding is a proven independent, adverse prognostic factor in PDAC. It is helpful for improvement of prognosis in PDAC in early and precise diagnostic modalities. Tumor budding should be conveyed in pathology reports and taken into account by future oncologic staging systems.
Core Tip: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is highly invasive pancreatic neoplasm, having globally 495773 new cases and 466003 new deaths reported in 2020. This article is to evaluate the prognostic importance of tumor budding (TB) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and its correlation as prognostic marker. A high TB was a poor prognostic feature and might be a target for tumor-specific treatments. While high T-cell infiltration, especially of CD8+ T cells is linked to better outcomes. Future, TB and tumor lymphocytic infiltration should be taken into consideration and included in pathology reports. This knowledge is crucial for clinicians to better assess patient prognosis.
