Helicobacter pylori infection and peptic ulcer disease in cirrhotic patients: An updated meta-analysis

Table 1 Main characteristics of included studies in the meta-analysis

Study	Area	Study type	Peptic ulcer (Hp+/Hp-)	Prevalence	Non-ulcer (Hp+/Hp-)	Prevalence	D of Hp	D of LC
Wu et al[11], 1995	Asia	Cross-sectional	23/6	82.1%	59/32	64.8%	ELISA	Ultrosound
Kim et al[13], 2008	Asia	Cross-sectional	24/46	34.3%	76/142	34.9%	Multiple	Multiple
Siringo et al[12], 1997	Europe	Cross-sectional	39/2	95.1%	78/34	69.4%	ELISA	Multiple
Kirchner et al[10], 2011	Europe	Cross-sectional	11/7	61.1%	65/27	70.7%	ELISA	Multiple
Voulgaris et al[16], 2019	Europe	Cross-sectional	9/10	47.4%	45/36	55.6%	Multiple	Multiple
Wang et al[15], 1997	Asia	Cross-sectional	12/18	40.0%	7/12	36.8%	Multiple	Multiple
Chen et al[17], 1994	Asia	Cross-sectional	14/17	45.2%	33/44	42.9%	ELISA	Multiple
Chen et al[18], 1995	Asia	Cross-sectional	9/7	56.3%	18/16	52.9%	RUT	Multiple
Yeh et al[19], 2001	Asia	Cohort	26/19	57.8%	31/33	48.4%	UBT	Multiple
Hu et al[20], 2002	Asia	Cross-sectional	86/8	91.5%	373/189	66.4%	Multiple	Multiple
Tuo et al[21], 2000	Asia	Cross-sectional	29/45	39.2%	143/279	33.9%	Multiple	Multiple
Calvet et al[14], 1998	Europe	Cross-sectional	14/6	70.0%	79/91	46.5%	Multiple	Multiple
Zullo et al[9], 1999	Europe	Cross-sectional	51/9	85.0%	84/82	50.6%	Multiple	Multiple
Tsai[5], 1998	Asia	Cross-sectional	54/10	84.4%	46/20	69.7%	Multiple	Multiple

Cross-sectional studies (n = 13); Cohort study (n = 1). Hp: Helicobacter pylori; LC: Liver cirrhosis; UBT: Urea breath test; RUT: rapid urease test; ELISA: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; D: Diagnostic method.

Table 2 Subgroup analyses and meta-regression

Subcategory		Random-effects model			Meta-regression
	n	OR (95%CI)	P value	I2	Ajusted-R2	P value	χ2
Year	14	1.73 (1.16-2.56)	< 0.01	66.20%	4.64%	0.241	33.29%
Before 2000	8	2.19 (1.31-3.67)	0.039	52.60%
After 2000 (2000)	6	1.34 (0.75-2.38)	0.02	73.50%
Area	14	1.73 (1.16-2.56)	< 0.01	66.20%	-5.48%	0.467	36.82%
Asia	9	2.19 (0.81-5.97)	0.001	79.0%
Europe	5	1.67 (0.56-4.97)	0.09	74%
Study type	14	1.73 (1.16-2.56)	< 0.01	66.20%	-14.28%	0.817	39.89%
Cross-sectional study	13	1.75 (1.14-2.70)	< 0.01	68.7%
Cohort study	1	1.46 (0.68-3.14)
Diagnosis of Hp	14	1.73 (1.16-2.56)	< 0.01	66.20%	-13.83%	0.935	39.73%
ELISA	4	1.52 (0.62-3.74)	0.036	64.80%
Multiple	8	1.95 (1.12-3.39)	0.003	75.30%
RUT	1	1.14 (0.35-3.78)
UBT	1	1.46 (0.68-3.14)
Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis	14	1.73 (1.16-2.56)	< 0.01	66.20%	-11.75%	0.817	39.01%
Ultrasound	1	1.43 (0.51-3.98)
Multiple	13	1.75 (1.15-2.67)	< 0.01	68.70%
Case/control ratio	14	1.73 (1.16-2.56)	< 0.01	66.20%	-14.36%	0.787	39.92%
≥ 0.3	9	1.80 (1.11-2.90)	0.009	60.60%
< 0.3	5	1.59 (0.73-3.47)	0.001	77.90%
Sample size	14	1.73 (1.16-2.56)	< 0.01	66.20%	5.11%	0.24	33.12%
≥ 100	12	1.89 (1.23-2.91)	< 0.01	68.70%
< 100	2	0.87 (0.40-1.88)	0.5611
Language	14	1.73 (1.16-2.56)	< 0.01	66.20%	-7.60%	0.439	37.56%
English	12	1.59 (1.05-2.42)	0.005	58.7%
Chinese	2	2.55 (0.58-11.14)	0.001	90.6%

UBT: Urea breath test; RUT: Rapid urease test; ELISA: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; Hp: Helicobacter pylori; CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio.