Combination of propofol and dezocine to improve safety and efficacy of anesthesia for gastroscopy and colonoscopy in adults: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial

Table 1 Demographics of the four groups

Item	Dezocine group	Sufentanyl group	Fentanyl group	Control group	P value
Sex, male/female	48/52	53/47	51/49	49/51	0.899
Age, yr	51 ± 20	52 ± 20	53 ± 19	48 ± 20	0.269
Height, cm	172 ± 7	173 ± 7	172 ± 8	173 ± 8	0.876
Weight, kg	76 ± 15	75 ± 15	72 ± 16	72 ± 15	0.157
ASA I/II	46/54	48/52	45/55	49/51	0.940
Induction time, s	46 ± 8	45 ± 9	45 ± 9	45 ± 9	0.807
Operation duration, min	46 ± 9	45 ± 9	45 ± 9	44 ± 9	0.614

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists class.

Table 2 Comparison of propofol dosage, awakening time, steward score, and postoperative pain score among the groups

Item	Dezocine group	Sufentanyl group	Fentanyl group	Control group	P value
Induction dosage of propofol, mg	116 ± 21a	117 ± 21a	117 ± 23a	152 ± 28	<0.001
Additional dosage of propofol, mg	116 ± 20a	148 ± 29ac	152 ± 27ac	198 ± 28	<0.001
Total dosage of propofol, mg	243 ± 42a	279 ± 50ac	280 ± 45ac	346 ± 37	<0.001
Awakening time, second	39 ± 12a	181 ± 35abc	209 ± 55c	205 ± 50	<0.001
Steward score	4.74 ± 1.088a	4.07 ± 0.856abc	2.97 ± 0.797c	3.15 ± 0.833	<0.001
Postoperative pain score	1.62 ± 1.117a	2.25 ± 1.672ac	2.68 ± 2.024ac	4.61 ± 1.136	<0.001

^aP < 0.01 vs control group;

^bP < 0.01 vs fentanyl group;

^cP < 0.01 vs dezocine group.

Table 3 Comparison of intraoperative indexes in the four groups (x ± s)

Item	Time point	Dezocine group	Sufentanyl group	Fentanyl group	Control group	P value
BIS	T1	92.77 ± 4.824	91.89 ± 4.694	92.94 ± 4.610	92.11 ± 4.197	0.302
	T2	52.01 ± 4.768a	52.47 ± 4.768a	53.02 ± 4.216a	52.44 ± 4.685a	0.492
	T3	85.14 ± 9.072	77.85 ± 7.512c	75.83 ± 5.927c	73.21 ± 5.761c	0.000
MAP (mmHg)	T1	88.47 ± 10.538	86.08 ± 10.003	87.50 ± 9.630	86.18 ± 11.397	0.308
	T2	86.43 ± 10.415	84.72 ± 8.078	74.76 ± 9.007ab	75.33 ± 8.766ab	0.000
	T3	87.36 ± 9.733	84.62 ± 8.262	82.93 ± 9.907ac	79.79 ± 8.308ac	0.000
HR (beats/min)	T1	74.90 ± 13.654	72.56 ± 15.408	74.49 ± 14.797	77.41 ± 14.749	0.138
	T2	65.94 ± 9.389a	63.36 ± 9.130a	61.37 ± 10.333ac	62.25 ± 10.930ac	0.009
	T3	71.18 ± 11.111	68.50 ± 12.156	69.58 ± 11.560	72.06 ± 11.581	0.131
SpO2 (%)	T1	97.01 ± 1.480	97.29 ± 1.431	97.14 ± 1.484	96.84 ± 1.441	0.162
	T2	97.15 ± 1.579	94.02 ± 1.348ac	92.64 ± 1.812ac	92.61 ± 1.576ac	0.000
	T3	97.04 ± 1.421	97.12 ± 1.387	97.03 ± 1.460	97.07 ± 1.409	0.970
RR (times/min)	T1	18.51 ± 1.661	18.57 ± 1.671	18.37 ± 1.668	18.42 ± 1.571	0.827
	T2	17.35 ± 1.678	14.48 ± 1.605ac	13.54 ± 1.690ac	13.22 ± 1.873ac	0.000
	T3	17.01 ± 1.425	16.79 ± 1.274	16.72 ± 1.464	17.05 ± 1.452	0.264

^aP < 0.01 vs T1;

^bP < 0.01 vs dezocine group and sufentanyl group;

^cP < 0.01 vs dezocine group. BIS: Bispectral index; MAP: Mean arterial pressure; HR: Heart rate; SpO₂: Pulse oxygen saturation; RR: Respiratory rate.

Table 4 Usage of vasoactive drugs and side effects

Item	Dezocine group	Sufentanyl group	Fentanyl group	Control group	P value
Usage of vasoactive drugs	7	8	36	39	0.000
Hypopnea	2	7	14	18	0.001
Jaw thrust	2	7	14	18	0.001
Body movement	5	15	16	25	0.001
Reflex coughing	3	8	9	11	0.182
Nausea and vomiting	6	4	5	4	0.895