Low salivary thioredoxin-1 levels in periodontitis

Table 1 Number of subjects and salivary thioredoxin-1 concentration in each periodontal stage, n (%)

	Total (n = 144)	Salivary TRX-1 (ng/mL) median (P25%-75%)	P value
			< 0.001
Periodontal health	86 (59.7)	55.6 (30.4-67.6)
Periodontitis stage I	16 (11.1)	37.1 (27.8-54.8)
Periodontitis stage II	23 (16.0)	29.7 (26.2-33.6)
Periodontitis stage III	13 (9.0)	26.0 (22.6-31.2)
Periodontitis stage IV	6 (4.2)	23.2 (18.4-26.5)

TRX-1: Thioredoxin-1.

Table 2 Comparisons between subjects without and with periodontitis, n (%)

	Subjects without periodontitis (n = 86)	Subjects with periodontitis (n = 58)	P value
Gender female	63 (73.3)	36 (62.1)	0.2
Age (years) - median (P25%-75%)	36 (20-44)	59 (51-68)	< 0.001
Arterial hypertension	4 (4.7)	17 (29.3)	< 0.001
Cardiovascular disease	0	4 (6.9)	0.03
Hyperocholesterolemia	2 (2.3)	2 (3.4)	0.99
Diabetes mellitus	0	4 (6.9)	0.03
Rheumatoid arthritis	2 (2.3)	3 (5.2)	0.39
Metrotexate for rheumatoid arthritis	2 (2.3)	0	0.52
Immunosupressive therapy	2 (2.3)	1 (1.7)	0.99
Radiotherapy	0	1 (1.7)	0.4
Body mass index (kg/m²) - median (P25%-75%)	24.2 (22.4-26.6)	24.8 (22.5-27.9)	0.38
Obesity	11 (12.8)	8 (13.8)	0.99
Never smoker	66 (76.7)	25 (43.1)	< 0.001
Coffee	68 (79.1)	51 (87.9)	0.19
Tea	20 (23.3)	3 (5.2)	0.005
Alcohol	33 (38.4)	31 (53.4)	0.09
Salivary TRX-1 levels (ng/mL) - median (P25%-75%)	55.6 (30.4-67.6)	29.1 (25.0-34.5)	< 0.001

TRX-1: Thioredoxin-1.

Table 3 Multiple logistic regression analysis to determine that factors are associated with periodontitis

	Odds ratio	95%CI	P value
Age (years)	1.11	1.064-1.165	< 0.001
Salivary thioredoxin-1 levels (ng/mL)	0.97	0.946-0.998	0.04
Never smoker (yes vs non)	0.54	0.195-1.469	0.23
Arterial hypertension (yes vs non)	1.17	0.263-5.223	0.84
Tea consumption (yes vs non)	0.30	0.044-2.027	0.22

CI: Confidence interval.