Primary ileal squamous cell carcinoma: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 Clinical information of primary ileal squamous cell carcinoma patients: Summarized data

Ref.	Age in years, gender	Past medical history	Clinical symptoms	Site	Stage	Tumor size (cm)	Treatment modality	Outcome
Adair et al[7], 1981	65, M	NM	Intermittent colicky abdominal pain	Ileum	1T3N0M0, IIA	14.0 cm	Partial small bowel resection with postoperative radio	NM
Sun et al[8], 2014	80, M	Diabetes mellitus and hypertension	Intermittent postprandial abdominal pain	Jejunum	1T4aN2M0, IIA	2.1 cm × 2.0 cm	Proximal enterectomy	OS: 23 days
Viamonte et al[9], 1992	65, F	NM	Abdominal pain, bloating, and bloody stools	Ileum	1T4N0M0, IIA	5.5 cm	Ileocecal resection with right hemicolectomy	PFS: > 48 years
Battal et al[10], 2015	39, M	NM	Epigastric pain, anorexia, and vomiting	Duodenum	2TxN0M0	9 cm × 8 cm × 7 cm	Resection of the horizontal segment of the duodenum	PFS: > 10 months
Platt et al[11], 1991	62, M	NM	Mid-abdominal colic and vomiting	Ileum	1T4N1M0, IIIA	5.0 cm	Terminal ileectomy with partial right hemicolectomy	PFS: > 3 years
Nandedkar et al[12], 2013	59, F	NM	Lower abdominal pain	Ileum	1T3N0M0, IIA	4.0 cm × 2.0 cm	Partial small bowel resection with mesenteric lymph node dissection	NM
Wang et al[13], 2016	49, M	NM	Abdominal distension, anorexia, and weight loss	Duodenum	2TxNxM0	5.8 cm × 5.1 cm × 3.8 cm	Palliative chemo combined with radio	NM
Hammami et al[14], 2017	64, F	Diabetes mellitus	Nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain	Duodenum	2TxNxM1, IV	HE	Radical treatment abandoned	NM
Bao et al[15], 2014	68, M	NM	Persistent abdominal pain	Ileum	1T3N0M0, IIA	NM	Segmental enterectomy	NM
Terada et al[16], 2010	75, M	NM	Nausea, vomiting, and fatigue	Duodenum	2TxNxM0	HE	Chemo and radio	OS: 17 months
Funamizu et al[17], 2019	74, M	NM	Abdominal pain	Ileum	1T3N0M0, IIA	4.0 cm × 2.0 cm × 1.5 cm	Partial ileectomy with lymphadenectomy, followed by adjuvant chemo	NM
He et al[18], 2005	80, F	NM	Abdominal pain and melena	Jejunum	1T3N0M0, IIA	4.0 cm × 3.0 cm × 3.0 cm	Jejunal resection with mesenteric nodulectomy	OS: 2 months
Diffaa et al[19], 2012	60, F	NM	Epigastric pain, melena, and weight loss	Duodenum	1T4N2M0, IIIB	HE	Palliative chemo with analgesic therapy	NM
Graur et al[20], 2014	47, F	NM	Weight loss and melena	Duodenum	2T4N0Mx, IIB	8.0 cm	Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure)	PFS: > 6 months
von Delius et al[21], 2006	75, F	NM	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding	Duodenum	1T4N0M0, IIB	HE	NM	NM
Terada et al[22], 2009	58, F	NM	Abdominal pain	Duodenum	2TxNxM0	HE	Chemo and radio	OS: 21 months
Terada et al[22], 2009	75, M	NM	Vomiting and fatigue	Duodenum	2TxNxM0	HE	Chemo and radio	OS: 17 months
Terada et al[22], 2009	54, M	NM	Abdominal pain	Duodenum	2TxNxM0	HE	Referred to tertiary center for surgical intervention	NM
Mizuno et al[23], 2016	91, M	Prostate adenocarcinoma	Abdominal pain and anorexia	Jejunum	2T4bNxMx, IV	6.0 cm	Mass excision with partial bowel resection	OS: 23 days
Pahl et al[24], 2012	65, M	Prostate adenocarcinoma	Lethargy, fatigue, and epigastric discomfort	Duodenum	2T4N0Mx, IIB	6.5 cm × 5.5 cm × 1.5 cm	Duodenectomy with suprapubic prostatectomy, followed by adjuvant chemo	OS: 12 months
Friedman et al[25], 1986	72, F	NM	Anorexia and abdominal distension	Ileum	1T4N0M0, IIB	7.0 cm	Resection of affected ileum with mesenteric lymphadenectomy	PFS: > 55 months
Bai et al[26], 2011	82, W	NM	Abdominal pain	Jejunum	2TxNxM0	NM	NM	NM
Aoki et al[27], 1996	76, M	NM	Abdominal distension and lower abdominal pain	Ileum	1T3N0M0, IIA	NM	Resection of affected bowel segment with mesenteric lymphadenectomy, followed by adjuvant chemo	OS: 28 months
Aoki et al[27], 1996	64, F	Right retinal detachment	General malaise	Jejunum	1T3N0M0, IIA	7.0 cm	Partial jejunectomy combined with right hemicolectomy. Concurrent lymph node dissection	OS: 2 months
Mumtaz et al[6], 2011	65, F	Cervical squamous cell carcinoma	Abdominal pain, distension, and hematochezia	Ileum	1T3N0M0, IIA	2.5 cm × 2.3 cm	Resection of pathological bowel segment with lymphadenectomy	NM
Singh et al[29], 2023	55, F	NM	Lower abdominal pain	Jejunum	1T3N0M0, IIA	9.0 cm × 7.0 cm × 3.0 cm	Resection of pathological bowel segment with lymphadenectomy	NM
Xiao et al[30], 2022	69, M	Hypertension, diabetes mellitus	Abdominal pain	Jejunum	2TxNxM1, IV	4.0 cm × 3.0 cm × 1.0 cm	End-to-end intestinal anastomosis	NM
Amjad et al[31], 2014	58, M	Lynch syndrome	Nausea and vomiting	Duodenum	1T3N1M0, IIIA	11.0 cm	Duodenectomy with distal gastrectomy and Billroth II jejunojejunostomy	PFS: > 12 months
Alpuerto et al[32], 2017	45, M	Febrile illness	Right upper quadrant pain and melena	Duodenum	2T4bNxMx, IV	7.5 cm × 8.0 cm	Pancreaticoduodenectomy with hepatic segmentectomy, followed by adjuvant chemo	NM
McCabe et al[33], 2021	68, F	NM	Abdominal distension and epigastric discomfort	Duodenum	2TxNxM0	HE	NM	NM
Bolanaki et al[34], 2014	68, M	Obstructive jaundice	Mild tenderness in the right upper quadrant	Vater’s ampulla	1T3N0M0, IIA	8.0 cm	Pancreaticoduodenectomy	OS: 5 months
Dong et al[35], 2016	75, F	NM	Abdominal pain	Jejunum	1T3N2M0, IIIC	8.0 cm	Tumor resection with partial enterectomy	OS: 8 months
Liu et al[36], 2016	56, F	NM	Abdominal pain and melena	Duodenum	2TxN0M0	HE	Treatment discontinued owing to financial constraints	NM
Luo et al[37], 2014	50, F	NM	Abdominal pain, distension, and melena	Duodenum	2T4bNxMx, IV	3.5 cm	Pancreaticoduodenectomy	OS: 4 months
Fang et al[38], 2014	51, M	NM	Abdominal pain and distension	Duodenum	2T4bNxMx, IV	NM	Distal gastrectomy with pancreaticoduodenectomy	PFS: > 26 months
Li and Li[39], 2012	45, M	Hepatic space-occupying lesion	Epigastric pain and melena	Duodenum	2T4bNxMx, IV	NM	Gastrojejunostomy with choledochojejunostomy	NM
Zhou[40], 1990	64, M	Duodenal bulb ulcer	Anorexia, nausea, and epigastric pain	Jejunum	1T3N0M0, IIA	1.0 cm × 2.0 cm	Roux-en-Y antecolic gastrojejunostomy	PFS: > 120 months
Xing[41], 1988	57, M	NM	Severe abdominal pain	Ileum	2T3N0M0, IIA	10.0 cm × 6.0 cm	Mass excision with partial bowel resection	PFS: > 2 months
Dong et al[42], 1986	67, M	NM	Diffuse abdominal pain with diaphoresis	Jejunum	2T4aNxM1, IV	2.0 cm × 1.5 cm	Jejunectomy with mesenteric lymphadenectomy	OS: 4 months
Gao and Cao[43], 1995	74, M	NM	Abdominal pain	Jejunum	2T4aNxM1, IV	NM	Jejunectomy with mesenteric lymphadenectomy	OS: 6 months
Hou et al[44], 2012	75, F	NM	Abdominal pain presenting as persistent dull ache	Duodenum	2TxNxM0	10.0 cm × 8.0 cm	HE	NM
Hou et al[44], 2012	62, F	NM	Melena with fatigue	Duodenum	2TxNxM0	5.0 cm	HE	NM
Liu and Li[45], 2008	45, M	Hepatic space-occupying lesion	Epigastric discomfort and melena	Duodenum	2T4bNxMx, IV	NM	Pancreaticoduodenectomy	NM
Peng et al[46], 2011	69, F	NM	Abdominal distension and pain	Ileum	1T3N0M0, IIA	2.5 cm × 2.0 cm × 0.5 cm	Resection of obstructed bowel segment with appendectomy	NM
Chen et al[47], 2004	63, F	NM	Abdominal pain and cessation of defecation	Jejunum	1T3N0M0, IIA	2.5 cm	Partial enterectomy with lymphadenectomy	NM
Chen et al[48], 2001	56, F	NM	Epigastric dull pain and emaciation	Duodenum	2TxNxM0	5.0 cm × 2.5 cm	HE	NM
Jiang et al[49], 2001	53, M	NM	Right upper quadrant pain and melena	Duodenum	1T3N2M0, IIIC	2.0 cm × 1.0 cm	Resection of pathological intestinal segment with mesenteric lymph node dissection	NM
Dai and Tan[50], 1999	68, M	NM	Right upper quadrant distending pain	Duodenum	2T4bNxMx, IV	4.0 cm × 3.0 cm	Gastropancreaticoduodenectomy	NM
Dai and Tan[50], 1999	60, M	NM	Right upper quadrant dull pain with nausea and vomiting	Duodenum	2T4bNxMx, IV	3.0 cm × 3.0 cm × 2.0 cm	Partial pancreatic head resection with duodenectomy	NM
Kong et al[51], 2009	75, M	Gastrointestinal bleeding	Lower abdominal distending pain and melena	Ileum	1T3N0M0, IIA	5.0 cm × 5.0 cm × 4.5 cm	Partial jejunectomy with mesenteric lymphadenectomy	NM
Miao and Chen[52], 2019	59, M	NM	Abdominal pain, distension, and vomiting	Jejunum	1T3N2M0, IIIC	5.0 cm × 5.0 cm × 4.0 cm	Partial jejunectomy with mesenteric lymphadenectomy	NM
Wang and Fang[53], 2008	70, F	NM	Epigastric pain and melena	Duodenum	2TxNxM0	HE	HE	NM
Lu and Peng[54], 2008	67, M	NM	Abdominal pain and emaciation	Duodenum	1T3N0M0, IIA	2.0 cm × 2.0 cm × 0.5 cm	Enterectomy with mesenteric lymph node dissection, followed by adjuvant chemo	PFS: > 6 months
Wei[55], 2021	69, M	NM	Pan-abdominal pain	Duodenum	1T3N0M0, IIA	4.0 cm × 3.0 cm × 1.0 cm	Resection of tumor-bearing bowel segment with proximal–distal anastomosis	PFS: > 3 months
Wei et al[56], 2019	75, M	NM	Cessation of flatus and defecation	Jejunum	1T3N0M0, IIA	1.7 cm	Partial enterectomy with end-to-end anastomosis and enteric decompression	PFS: > 2 months
Yang and He[57], 2019	69, F	NM	Intermittent vomiting with melena	Duodenum	2TxNxM0	HE	HE	NM
Li QQ, 2025 (present work)	47, F	High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma	Abdominal pain	Ileum	T3N0M0, IIA	8.0 cm × 5.0 cm × 3.0 cm	Partial ileectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy	PFS: > 30 months

¹At least.

²Approximately.

M: Male; F: Female; NM: Not mentioned; HE: Histopathological examination; Chemo: Chemotherapy; Radio: Radiotherapy; PFS: Progression-free survival (defined as the time from initial diagnosis to tumor progression or the last follow-up time described in the reported cases); OS: Overall survival (defined as the time from the initial diagnosis to the patient’s death due to any cause).