Short-term spinal cord stimulation for refractory Elsberg syndrome in diabetic neuropathy: A case report

Table 1 Summary of published Elsberg syndrome cases identified through database search

Ref.	Region	Sex/age (years)	Disease course	Comorbidities	Clinical manifestations	Treatment	Outcome	Follow-up
Nishiyama et al[6], 2023	Japan	Female/77	10 days	None	Urinary retention, genital rash	Acyclovir, acetaminophen, urinary catheter	Persistent postherpetic neuralgia	6 months
Yang et al[7], 2022	China	Female/74	3 weeks	Hypertension and hyperlipidemia	Urinary retention, constipation, sacral numbness	Famciclovir, prednisone, indomethacin, mecobalamin; electroacupuncture	Complete resolution	1 year
Desai et al[8], 2022	United States	Male/45	12 days	Acute ischemic stroke; smoldering myeloma	Urinary retention, fecal incontinence, lumbosacral vesicular rash, right leg paresthesia	Acyclovir, dexamethasone	Required self-catheterization	1 year
Bhagat et al[9], 2021	United States	Male/56	4 days	AIDs; cerebrovascular event	Fever, painful rash, bilateral limb weakness, bowel/bladder dysfunction	Acyclovir; Biktarvy®	Complete resolution	1 month
Santos et al[10], 2021	Brazil	Male/52	2 months	Crohn’s disease; AIDs	Urinary retention and loss of sensation of the genital and left lower limb	Corticosteroid pulse and acyclovir	Incomplete improvement	-
Shah et al[11], 2021	United Kingdom	Male/63	2 weeks	-	Low back pain, perineal and genital numbness, together with bilateral lower limb paresthesia and urinary retention	Acyclovir	Death	-
Saito et al[12], 2018	Japan	Female/68	10 days	Type 2 diabetes mellitus; hypertension and dyslipidemia	Urinary retention and constipation; rash in the left hip	IV acyclovir, catheterization and methylprednisolone pulse	Complete resolution	6 months
Abe et al[13], 2015	Japan	Male/57	7 days	None	Fever with chills, headache with nausea and vomiting and intention tremors of the bilateral upper limbs, constipation and urinary retention	Acyclovir, bladder catheter	Persistent symptoms	1 year
Fujii et al[14], 2015	Japan	Male/76	8 days	Right testicular hydrocele	Anal pain and voiding difficulty, urinary retention, and incontinence of feces	Acyclovir, methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin	Asymptomatic at discharge	-
Matsumoto et al[15], 2012	Japan	Female/55	4 days	Rectal ulcer	Herpes zoster, urinary retention, and constipation	Intravenous acyclovir and oral purgatives urethral catheter	Asymptomatic at discharge	-

AIDs: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; IV: Intravenous injection.