Endoscopic management of intragastric balloon related gastric outlet obstruction: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 Identifying 29 cases of gastric outlet obstruction secondary to intragastric balloons insertion

Ref.	Case	Age	Sex	Time post IGB insertion	Balloon brand	Comorbidities	BMI (kg/m2)	Diagnostic modality	Removal method	Endoscopic findings	Outcome	Complication
[20]	1	NR	NR	30 months	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
[21]	2	43	F	7 months	Orbera	Obesity	36	CT	Endoscopic	IGB occupying the entire gastric fundus and body causing obstruction	NR	NR
[22]	3	NR	NR	15 days	Allurion-Elipse	NR	36.5	X-ray	Endoscopic	IGB impaction in antrum	SR	Nil
[23]	4	42	F	7 weeks	Orbera	Obesity	31	X-ray	Endoscopic	Hyperinflated IGB with pyloric obstruction; fluid culture positive Candida parapsilosis	SR	Nil
[24]	5	43	F	3 weeks	Allurion-Elipse	Nil	NR	CT	Endoscopic	Appropriate placement; no features of hyperinflation	SR	Nil
[25]	6	68	F	2 weeks	BioEnterics	NR	NR	CT	Endoscopic	NR	SR	Nil
[26]	7	NR	NR	NR	Allurion-Elipse	NR		NR	Endoscopic	NR	NR	NR
[27]	8	59	F	2 months	BioEnterics	Obesity, GORD, sickle cell disease	35	CT	Endoscopic	IGB in fundus; small hiatal hernia	Odynophagia	Esophageal perforation
[28]	9	59	F	9 weeks	BioEnterics	Obesity, GORD, cholecystectomy	35	X-ray	Endoscopic	NR	SR	Esophageal perforation
[29]	10	35	F	2 weeks	NR	Obesity, leiomyoma, hiatus hernia	34	CT	Endoscopic	NR	SR	Nil
[30]	11	43	F	2 months	MedSil	Obesity	NR	CT	Endoscopic	NR	SR	Nil
[31]	12	42	F	6 months	Orbera	Obesity	36	CT	Endoscopic	Fluid stasis; superficial gastric ulceration	SR	Nil
[32]	13	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	Endoscopic	NR	NR	NR
[33]	14	53	F	1 week	NR	Obesity	39	CT	Endoscopic	NR	SR	Nil
[34]	15	45	F	2.5 weeks	Orbera	Obesity	NR	CT	Endoscopic	Normal	SR	Nil
[35]	16	42	M	10 days	NR	T2DM, obesity, MASLD	NR	CT	Endoscopic	NR	SR	Nil
[36]	17	29	F	2 months	Allurion-Elipse	Obesity	29	US	Percutaneous aspiration	NR	SR	Nil
[37]	18	44	F	18 months	NR	Obesity, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis	50.6	NR	Failed endoscopy; proceeded to laparoscopy	NR	SR	Nil
[38]	19	52	F	NR	NR	Obesity	NR	CT	Endoscopic	Gastric body ulceration	SR	Gastric ulceration
	20	43	F	NR	NR	IDA, uterine fibroids, limited SSc, obesity	NR	CT	Endoscopic	Hyperinflated IGB, solid debris in fundus and gastric body	SR	Nil
[39]	21	49	F	4 months	Orbera	Obesity, dyslipidaemia, prediabetes, hypertension	35.5	CT	Endoscopic	Hyperinflated IGB, gastric body erythema, ulceration and erosions	SR; new IGB inserted	Nil
[40]	22	67	F	3 days	Orbera	Obesity	NR	CT	Endoscopic	Grade D esophagitis; balloon present in body/antrum. Unable to pass gastroscope	SR	Grade D esophagitis
[41]	23	39	F	2 months	Orbera	Obesity	33.6	CT	Endoscopic	Hyperinflated IGB	SR	Nil
[42]	24	63	M	2 months	Bioenterics	Hypertension, T2DM, CAD, gout	NR	X-ray	Endoscopic	Erosive oesphagitis, IGB lodged in gastric antrum	SR	Nil
[43]	25	46	F	3 months	Orbera	Obesity	31.6	X-ray	Endoscopic	Gastric residue; IGB hyperinflation	SR	Nil
[44]	26	51	F	2 weeks	Allurion-Elipse	Nil	NR	CT	Endoscopic	NR	SR	Nil
[45]	27	44	F	5 days	Spatz3 system	NR	NR	NR	Endoscopic	Linear gastric erosions and mild esophagitis	SR	Nil
	28	51	F	3 weeks	Allurion-Elipse	NR	NR	NR	Endoscopic	NR	SR	Nil
[46]	29	41	F	NR	Spatz3 system	Obesity	25.8	CT	Endoscopic	NR	SR	Nil

NR: Not reported; F: Female; M: Male; IGB: Intragastric balloon; GORD: Gastro oesophageal reflux disease; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; IDA: Iron deficiency anemia; SSc: Systemic sclerosis; CAD: Coronary artery disease; BMI: Body mass index; CT: Computed tomography; US: Ultrasound; SR: Symptoms resolved; Nil: Nil complications.