Covered transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt vs large volume paracentesis in patients with cirrhosis: A real-world propensity score-matched study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics in each cohort

		Whole cohort			Propensity score - matched cohort
		TIPSS (n = 75)	LVP (n = 75)	P value	TIPSS (n = 40)	LVP (n = 40)	P value
Age (mean yr)		59.1 ± 9.4	61.8 ± 11.5	0.119	61.2 ± 9.1	61.5 ± 12.2	0.885
Gender	Male	41	46	0.275	23	26	0.616
	Female	34	29	0.275	17	14	0.491
Aetiology	ArLD	60	47	0.174	32	22	0.297
	AIH	1	1		0	1
	NAFLD	9	9		3	8
	Cryptogenic	2	5		2	4
	HCV	1	7		3	2
	HBV	0	2		0	1
	PBC	0	3		0	1
	PSC	0	1		0	1
	Other	2	0		2	1
	History of HCC	7	5	0.220	3	2	0.644
History of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis		17	15	0.849	13	6	0.079
Type of ascites (recurrent/refractory)		61/14	35/40	< 0.001	22/18	31/9	0.03
Liver transplantation		7	22	< 0.001	4	12	0.029
Varices at baseline		21	26	0.304	12	13	0.135
Use of non-selective beta-blockers		16	20	0.484	10	13	0.459
Mean follow up (mo)		27.5 ± 29.3	16.4 ± 16.4	0.005	26.3 ± 35.3	15.5 ± 14.9	0.08
Median follow up (range, mo)		16.5 (0.47-179.53)	10.3 (1.4-73.86)	0.050	8.2 (0.47-179.53)	10.3 (1.5-73.86)	0.823

TIPSS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt; LVP: Large volume paracentesis; ArLD: Alcohol related liver disease; AIH: Autoimmune hepatitis; NAFLD: Non alcoholic fatty liver disease; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; PBC: Primary biliary cholangitis; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Table 2 Demographic table showing baseline laboratory data

	Whole cohort					Propensity score-matched cohort
	TIPSS (n = 75)		LVP (n = 75)			TIPSS (n = 40)		LVP (n = 40)
	mean	SD	mean	SD	P value	mean	SD	mean	SD	P value
UKELD	51.51	4.17	54.57	4.84	< 0.001	51.55	4.08	52.45	4.07	0.326
MELD	11.47	3.86	15.93	5.31	< 0.001	12.78	4.492	12.78	3.62	1
INR	1.25	0.19	1.46	0.33	< 0.001	1.25	0.21	1.35	0.23	0.048
Bilirubin (μmol/l)	20.28	16.77	42.13	40.49	< 0.001	22.9	20.027	27.43	21.205	0.33
Creatinine (μmol/l)	96.77	57.13	97.99	78.11	0.914	108.1	73.88	89.75	40.45	0.172
Sodium (mmol/L)	135.40	4.84	134.79	4.67	0.431	135.98	4.092	136.07	4.548	0.918
Platelets (× 109/L)	167.95	73.21	141.16	75.66	0.029	160.43	73.856	154.95	90.098	0.767

UKELD: United Kingdom model for end-stage liver disease; TIPSS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt; LVP: Large volume paracentesis; SD: Standard deviation; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; INR: International normalized ratio.

Table 3 Causes of death

Cause of death	TIPSS (n = 54)	LVP (n = 45)
End-stage liver disease	29	31
HCC	7	4
Sepsis	5	7
Cerebrovascular accident	2	1
Other	11	2

TIPSS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt; LVP: Large volume paracentesis; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Table 4 Univariate analysis of selected pertinent variables predicting transplant-free survival (whole cohort)

	B	SE	Wald	Df	P value	Hazard ratio	95%CI
Age	0.011	0.010	1.259	1	0.262	1.011	0.992-1.031
Albumin	-0.086	0.021	17.127	1	< 0.001	0.917	0.880-0.955
Recurrent Ascites	-0.033	0.211	.025	1	0.874	0.967	0.640-1.462
TIPSS	-0.213	0.207	1.055	1	0.304	0.808	0.539-1.213
HCC at baseline	1.424	0.328	18.788	1	< 0.001	4.152	2.181-7.903
MELD	0.010	0.021	0.248	1	0.619	1.010	0.970-1.053
Sex (1 = male, 2 = female)	0.104	0.202	0.263	1	0.608	1.109	0.746-1.649
CPS	0.169	0.065	6.716	1	0.010	1.184	1.042-1.345
SBP	-0.068	0.251	0.074	1	0.786	0.934	0.571-1.527

B: Beta coefficient; SE: Standard error; Df: Discriminative function; CI: Confidence interval; TIPSS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; CPS: Childs Pugh score; SBP: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

Table 5 Multivariable analysis of selected independent variables predicting transplant-free survival (whole cohort)

	B	SE	Wald	Df	P value	Hazard ratio	95%CI
Age	0.006	0.011	0.267	1	0.605	1.006	0.984-1.028
Albumin	-0.081	0.027	9.185	1	0.002	.923	0.876-0.972
Recurrent ascites	0.041	0.252	0.026	1	0.872	1.042	0.635-1.708
TIPSS	-0.219	0.303	0.521	1	0.471	0.804	0.444-1.456
HCC at baseline	-1.548	0.363	18.232	1	< 0.001	0.213	0.104-0.433
MELD	-0.033	.035	0.900	1	0.343	0.968	0.904-1.036
Sex (1 = male, 2 = female)	0.134	0.222	0.364	1	0.546	1.144	0.739-1.769
CPS	0.085	0.127	0.446	1	0.504	1.088	0.849-1.395
SBP	-0.054	0.264	0.042	1	0.837	0.947	0.565-1.589

B: Beta coefficient; SE: Standard error; Df: Discriminative function; CI: Confidence interval; TIPSS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; CPS: Childs Pugh score; SBP: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.