Chronic musculoskeletal pain disorder and its associated mental health conditions, comorbidities and psychosocial risk predictors

Figure 1 Clinical characteristics of chronic musculoskeletal pain. A: Duration of pain ranged from 6 months to more than 6 months; B: Pattern of pain was either continuous or episodic; C: Severity of pain was either moderate or severe/very severe; D: Distribution of pain was either diffuse (fibromyalgia) or localized; E: Description of pain varied among patients. LBP: Lower back pain.

Figure 2 The associated somatic manifestations, severity of insomnia and psychosocial stressors. A: Somatic manifestations of pain were multiple; B: Severity of insomnia was mostly moderately severe and severe clinical insomnia; C: Social stressor were multiple and cumulative. GIT: Gastrointestinal tract.