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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Nov 16, 2025; 13(32): 109094
Published online Nov 16, 2025. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v13.i32.109094
Published online Nov 16, 2025. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v13.i32.109094
Clinical profile and outcome of complicated community-acquired pneumonia in children in the post-pneumococcal vaccination era
Padmini Kanhar, Sunil K Agarwalla, Department of Pediatrics, SCB Medical College, Cuttack 753001, Odisha, India
Rashmi R Das, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India
Author contributions: Kanhar P, Agarwalla SK, and Das RR contributed to conceptualization and design; Kanhar P and Agarwalla SK contributed to material preparation and data acquisition; Kanhar P and Das RR contributed to data analysis; All authors contributed to writing-draft manuscript and writing-revision and approved submission of the final version.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Institute Ethics Committee, SCB Medical College & Hospital, Cuttack [Approval No. 1562].
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardians, provided written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement – checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement – checklist of items.
Data sharing statement:
There is no additional data available.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Rashmi R Das, Professor, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No - 37, OPD Block, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India.
Received: May 6, 2025
Revised: May 30, 2025
Accepted: October 9, 2025
Published online: November 16, 2025
Processing time: 197 Days and 15.4 Hours
Revised: May 30, 2025
Accepted: October 9, 2025
Published online: November 16, 2025
Processing time: 197 Days and 15.4 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Complicated community-acquired pneumonia (CCAP) follows a severe course, and involve complications such as para-pneumonic effusion, necrotizing pneumonia (NP), empyema, or lung abscess. Present study conducted 5 years after introduction of pneumococcal vaccine in India found Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as the most common bacterial etiology of pediatric CCAP. In addition, empyema was found to be due to a delay in antibiotics administration, and NP was the most severe pediatric CCAP with prolonged hospitalization. This is important as far as the empirical antibiotics as well as further management of pediatric CCAP cases are concerned.