Recurrent hemoptysis in pediatric bronchial Dieulafoy’s disease with inferior phrenic artery supply: A case report

Core Tip

Core Tip: Bronchial Dieulafoy’s disease (BDD) in children is mostly caused by congenital dysplasia of bronchus and/or pulmonary arteries, which is different from chronic inflammatory injury of the airway in adult patients. We report a 4-year-old male BDD patient with repeated hemoptysis. Selective embolization of the responsible bronchial artery was performed to stop bleeding in the first time. One month after the interventional operation, however, the patient repeated the symptoms of hemoptysis. And the inferior phrenic artery (IPA) was found to be another supplying artery that caused hemoptysis in addition to the bronchial arteries. Finally, the artery was also treated by microsphere embolization with coil interventional closure. The responsible arteries of the bleeding lesion in children with BDD may originate from multiple different aortopulmonary collateral arteries, and the IPA should be considered to reduce missed diagnosis. Computed tomography angiogram is a noninvasive radiological examination for the screening of the responsible vessels, which shows a high coincidence with angiography, and can serve as the first choice for the diagnosis of BDD in suspected patients.