Fava AM, Xu B. Tricuspid valve endocarditis: Cardiovascular imaging evaluation and management. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9(30): 8974-8984 [PMID: 34786381 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i30.8974]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Bo Xu, MD, FACC, FRACP, FASE, Multimodality Imaging Cardiologist, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J1-5, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States. xub@ccf.org
Research Domain of This Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Clin Cases. Oct 26, 2021; 9(30): 8974-8984 Published online Oct 26, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i30.8974
Tricuspid valve endocarditis: Cardiovascular imaging evaluation and management
Agostina M Fava, Bo Xu
Agostina M Fava, Bo Xu, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
Author contributions: All authors discussed and worked on the manuscript; Fava AM took the lead in writing the manuscript; Xu B was in charge of planning, supervision, and critical review.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors do not have any conflicts of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Bo Xu, MD, FACC, FRACP, FASE, Multimodality Imaging Cardiologist, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J1-5, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States. xub@ccf.org
Received: April 29, 2021 Peer-review started: April 29, 2021 First decision: June 17, 2021 Revised: June 23, 2021 Accepted: September 14, 2021 Article in press: September 14, 2021 Published online: October 26, 2021 Processing time: 175 Days and 7.4 Hours
Abstract
Right-sided infective endocarditis is an increasingly recognized disease entity, with tricuspid valve being most frequently involved. Risk factors for tricuspid valve endocarditis (TVIE) include intravenous drug use, cardiac implantable electronic devices and indwelling catheters. Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant causative organism in TVIE. The diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) is based on clinical manifestations, blood cultures, and the presence of valvular vegetations detected by echocardiography. Complementary imaging is helpful when there is ongoing clinical suspicion for IE following initially negative echocardiography. Multislice computed tomography allows for assessment of extra-cardiac complications in TVIE, including pulmonary septic emboli. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and radiolabelled white blood cell, single-photon emission computed tomography provide important clinical information concerning the presence of IE in right-sided prosthetic valves or cardiac implantable electronic devices. The aim of this review is to provide an update on TVIE, discussing the role of multimodality imaging in TVIE and the management of these patients.
Core Tip: Right-sided infective endocarditis (RSIE) is an increasingly important subtype of infective endocarditis (IE), although less published literature is available regarding RSIE compared to left-sided IE. Recently, with improvements in multimodality imaging, there is an increasing role for imaging in the evaluation and management of tricuspid valve endocarditis (TVIE). We review the role of cardiac imaging in diagnosis and evaluation of TVIE, and provide a concise update on the management of these patients.
