Roles of exosomes in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v9.i18.4467

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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World J Clin Cases. Jun 26, 2021; 9(18): 4467-4479
Published online Jun 26, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i18.4467

Roles of exosomes in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer

Yvette Umwali, Cong-Bo Yue, Abakundana Nsenga Ariston Gabriel, Yi Zhang, Xin Zhang

Yvette Umwali, Cong-Bo Yue, Yi Zhang, Xin Zhang, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China

Abakundana Nsenga Ariston Gabriel, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China

Author contributions: Umwali Y drafted the manuscript; Yue CB and Gabriel ANA collected the information; Zhang X and Zhang Y designed and revised the manuscript; Zhang X and Zhang Y are co-corresponding authors; all authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81972005; Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, No. ZR2020MH238; and Shandong Medical and Health Technology Development Project, No. 2018WSB20002.

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.

Corresponding author: Xin Zhang, FRS, MD, PhD, Academic Fellow, Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China. xinzhang@sdu.edu.cn

Received: January 22, 2021
Peer-review started: January 22, 2021
First decision: February 28, 2021
Revised: March 15, 2021
Accepted: May 6, 2021
Article in press: May 6, 2021
Published online: June 26, 2021
Processing time: 139 Days and 22.6 Hours

Abstract

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that mediate intercellular communication. They contain different molecules, such as DNA, RNA, lipid, and protein, playing essential roles in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Exosomes derived from CRC are implicated in tumorigenesis, chemotherapy resistance, and metastasis. Besides, they can enhance CRC progression by increasing tumor cell proliferation, reducing apoptosis mechanistically through altering particular essential regulatory genes, or controlling several signaling pathways. Therefore, exosomes derived from CRC are essential biomarkers and can be used in the diagnosis. Indeed, it is crucial to understand the role of exosomes in CRC, which is necessary to develop diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for early detection and treatment. In the present review, we discuss the roles of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer; Exosomes; Biomarker; Extracellular vesicle; Diagnosis

Core Tip: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that mediate intercellular communication. They contain molecules such as RNAs, DNA, lipids, and proteins, whose role is essential in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Exosomes derived from CRC are implicated in tumorigenesis, chemotherapy resistance, and metastasis. Besides, they can enhance CRC progression by increasing tumor cell proliferation, reducing apoptosis mechanistically through upregulation or downregulation of particular essential regulatory genes, or controlling several signaling pathways. Therefore, exosomes derived from CRCs are essential biomarkers and can be used in the diagnosis.