Microplastic and nanoplastic exposure and risk of diabetes mellitus

Abstract

The issue of plastic pollutants has become a growing concern. Both microplastics (MPs) (particle size < 5 mm) and nanoplastics (NPs) (particle size < 1 µm) can cause DNA damage, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress in various organisms. The primary known impacts of microplastic/nanoplastic are observed in the liver and respiratory system, leading to hepatotoxicity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although research on the effects of MPs and NPs on diabetes is still in its early stages, there are potential concerns. This editorial highlights the risk to diabetics from co-exposure to contaminants and MPs/NPs, supported by evidence from animal studies and the various chemical compositions of MPs/NPs.

Keywords: Microplastics; Nanoplastics; Plastic pollution, Diabetes mellitus; Insulin resistance

Core Tip: Laboratory studies provide strong evidence of the impacts of microplastic and nanoplastic exposure on glycolysis, blood glucose levels, insulin secretion, and insulin resistance. However, the lack of long-term human studies results in inconclusive conclusions regarding the direct effects of microplastics/nanoplastics on the risk of developing diabetes.