Stroke: Evolution of newer treatment modalities for acute ischemic stroke

Abstract

Acute ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Restoration of cerebral blood flow to affected ischemic areas has been the cornerstone of therapy for patients for eligible patients as early diagnosis and treatment have shown improved outcomes. However, there has been a paradigm shift in the management approach over the last decade, and with the emphasis currently directed toward including newer modalities such as neuroprotection, stem cell treatment, magnetic stimulation, anti-apoptotic drugs, delayed recanalization, and utilization of artificial intelligence for early diagnosis and suggesting algorithm-based management protocols.

Keywords: Acute ischemic stroke; Neuroprotection; Treatment; Neurocritical care; Thrombolytic therapy; Reperfusion injury; Oxidative stress

Core Tip: Acute ischemic stroke is becoming a more prevalent health concern as life expectancies increase. The fact that thrombolysis and thrombectomy within a very limited timeframe are the only definite therapies for this debilitating disease severely limits options. Extensive research is still ongoing and has shown promise in salvaging neurological function as well as extending the time window in which such therapies can be offered to stroke patients.