He YG, Huang YH, Yi XL, Qian KL, Wang Y, Cheng H, Hu J, Liu Y. Soft tissue tuberculosis detected by next-generation sequencing: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11(3): 709-718 [PMID: 36793633 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i3.709]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Yuan Liu, MD, PhD, Academic Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China. liuyuan@jsph.org.cn
Research Domain of This Article
Infectious Diseases
Article-Type of This Article
Case Report
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Clin Cases. Jan 26, 2023; 11(3): 709-718 Published online Jan 26, 2023. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i3.709
Soft tissue tuberculosis detected by next-generation sequencing: A case report and review of literature
Yan-Gai He, Ya-Hui Huang, Xiao-Lan Yi, Kao-Liang Qian, Ying Wang, Hui Cheng, Jun Hu, Yuan Liu
Yan-Gai He, Ya-Hui Huang, Xiao-Lan Yi, Ying Wang, Yuan Liu, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
Kao-Liang Qian, Hui Cheng, Jun Hu, Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
Author contributions: He YG and Huang YH drafted the manuscript, interpreted the patient data. Xi XL, Qian KL, Wang Y, and Cheng H collected information from the patients and searched the related literature. Liu Y and Hu J contributed to supervision and final approval. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Supported bythe National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82272544.
Informed consent statement: Informed written consent was obtained from the patient and his family for publication of this report and any accompanying images.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
CARE Checklist (2016) statement: The authors have read the CARE Checklist (2016), and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CARE Checklist (2016).
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Yuan Liu, MD, PhD, Academic Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China. liuyuan@jsph.org.cn
Received: November 26, 2022 Peer-review started: November 26, 2022 First decision: December 13, 2022 Revised: December 21, 2022 Accepted: January 5, 2023 Article in press: January 5, 2023 Published online: January 26, 2023 Processing time: 61 Days and 1.5 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Soft tissue tuberculosis is rare and insidious, with most patients presenting with a localized enlarged mass or swelling, which may be factors associated with delayed diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, next-generation sequencing has rapidly evolved and has been successfully applied to numerous areas of basic and clinical research. A literature search revealed that the use of next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of soft tissue tuberculosis has been rarely reported.
CASE SUMMARY
A 44-year-old man presented with recurrent swelling and ulcers on the left thigh. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested a soft tissue abscess. The lesion was surgically removed and tissue biopsy and culture were performed; however, no organism growth was detected. Finally, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was confirmed as the pathogen responsible for infection through next-generation sequencing analysis of the surgical specimen. The patient received a standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment and showed clinical improvement. We also performed a literature review on soft tissue tuberculosis using studies published in the past 10 years.
CONCLUSION
This case highlights the importance of next-generation sequencing for the early diagnosis of soft tissue tuberculosis, which can provide guidance for clinical treatment and improve prognosis.
Core Tip: The diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis can be challenging, especially for tuberculosis in rare sites such as soft tissues. Soft tissue tuberculosis is rare and easily misdiagnosed. A delay in soft tissue tuberculosis diagnosis may worsen the disease, increase tuberculosis transmission, and accelerate the evolution of drug resistance. This case report emphasizes the importance of next-generation sequencing for early diagnosis of soft tissue tuberculosis, which can provide guidance for clinical treatment and improve prognosis.
