Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Virol. Mar 25, 2026; 15(1): 116055
Published online Mar 25, 2026. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.116055
Published online Mar 25, 2026. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.116055
Human immunodeficiency virus vaccines: Advances, challenges and future perspectives
Subashchandrabose Varatharajan, Sathiamoorthy Krishnasai, Chandrashekaran Girish, Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
Co-corresponding authors: Sathiamoorthy Krishnasai and Chandrashekaran Girish.
Author contributions: Varatharajan S and Krishnasai S was responsible for data collection, writing the original draft; Girish C was responsible for supervision; Girish C and Krishnasai S were responsible for conceptualization and review and editing, have played important and indispensable roles in the manuscript preparation as the co-corresponding authors.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Corresponding author: Chandrashekaran Girish, PhD, Additional Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Dhanvantari Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India. gcnx2005@gmail.com
Received: November 2, 2025
Revised: January 1, 2026
Accepted: February 11, 2026
Published online: March 25, 2026
Processing time: 132 Days and 3.2 Hours
Revised: January 1, 2026
Accepted: February 11, 2026
Published online: March 25, 2026
Processing time: 132 Days and 3.2 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: The article primarily focuses on the hurdles in developing a successful vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus-1, lessons learnt from some of the landmark trials, and the targets to be induced by a successful vaccine, and briefly touches on some current advances.