Correlation of anxiety and depression with sleep quality and post-traumatic growth in brain tumor patients and associated determinants

Table 1 Anxiety and depression in brain tumor patients, n (%)

Categories	Score	Asymptomatic	Suspicious	Positive
		0-7 points	8-10 points	≥ 11 points
HADS-A (points)	9.00 (7.00, 12.00)	58 (34.32)	52 (30.77)	59 (34.91)
HADS-D (points), mean ± SD	8.82 ± 3.64	61 (36.09)	57 (33.73)	51 (30.18)

HADS-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Anxiety; HADS-D: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression.

Table 2 Sleep status of patients with brain tumors

Categories	Score
Sleep latency (points)	1.00 (1.00, 2.00)
Sleep duration (points)	0.00 (0.00, 1.00)
Daytime dysfunction (points)	1.00 (1.00, 2.00)
Sleep quality (points)	1.00 (1.00, 2.00)
Sleep efficiency (points)	2.00 (1.00, 2.00)
Sleep disorders (points)	2.00 (1.00, 2.00)
Hypnotic drug use (points)	1.00 (1.00, 2.00)
PSQI (points)	9.00 (8.00, 11.00)

PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Table 3 Post-traumatic growth of brain tumor patients, mean ± SD

Categories	Score
Relating to others (points)	18.23 ± 5.02
Personal strength (points)	14.43 ± 3.83
Appreciation of life (points)	14.73 ± 4.41
New possibilities (points)	7.00 (6.00, 9.00)
Spiritual change (points)	5.00 (4.00, 6.50)
PTGI (points)	59.89 ± 8.83
< 60	81 (47.93)
60-65	45 (26.63)
≥ 66	43 (25.44)

PTGI: Post-traumatic Growth Inventory.

Table 4 Correlation analysis results

Categories	r, P value
HADS-A vs PSQI	r = 0.341, P < 0.001
HADS-A vs PTGI	r = -0.342, P < 0.001
HADS-D vs PSQI	r = 0.363, P < 0.001
HADS-D vs PTGI	r = -0.396, P < 0.001

HADS-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Anxiety; HADS-D: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PTGI: Post-traumatic Growth Inventory.

Table 5 Univariate analysis of anxiety or depression in brain tumor patients, n (%)

Categories	n	Anxiety/depression (n = 92)	Non-anxiety nor depression (n = 77)	χ2	P value
Sex				0.343	0.558
Male	105	59 (64.13)	46 (59.74)
Female	64	33 (35.87)	31 (40.26)
Age (years)				6.651	0.010
< 50	95	60 (65.22)	35 (45.45)
≥ 50	74	32 (34.78)	42 (54.55)
Disease course (years)				5.608	0.018
< 2	93	43 (46.74)	50 (64.94)
≥ 2	76	49 (53.26)	27 (35.06)
Educational level				4.688	0.030
Below senior high school	79	50 (54.35)	29 (37.66)
Senior high school or above	90	42 (45.65)	48 (62.34)
Marital status				5.573	0.018
Married	87	55 (59.78)	32 (41.56)
Single	82	37 (40.22)	45 (58.44)
Tumor type				0.309	0.857
Meningoma	80	42 (45.65)	38 (49.35)
Glioma	51	28 (30.43)	23 (29.87)
Hypophysoma	38	22 (23.91)	16 (20.78)
PSQI (points)				5.831	0.016
< 11	123	60 (65.22)	63 (81.82)
≥ 11	46	32 (34.78)	14 (18.18)
PTGI (points)				12.546	< 0.001
< 60	80	55 (59.78)	25 (32.47)
≥ 60	89	37 (40.22)	52 (67.53)

PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PTGI: Post-traumatic Growth Inventory.

Table 6 Multivariate analysis of anxiety or depression in brain tumor patients

Categories	B	SE	Wald	P value	OR	95%CI
Age (years)	-1.058	0.362	8.521	0.004	0.347	0.171-0.706
Disease course (years)	0.412	0.357	1.330	0.249	1.510	0.750-3.041
Educational level	-0.865	0.360	5.788	0.016	0.421	0.208-0.852
Marital status	-0.450	0.354	1.612	0.204	0.638	0.318-1.277
PSQI (points)	1.016	0.423	5.765	0.016	2.763	1.205-6.334
PTGI (points)	-1.358	0.376	13.083	< 0.001	0.257	0.123-0.537

CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PTGI: Post-traumatic Growth Inventory.