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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Psychiatry. Sep 19, 2025; 15(9): 108382
Published online Sep 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i9.108382
Published online Sep 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i9.108382
Table 1 Natural monomers modulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway to mitigate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Monomers | Disease models | Mechanisms | Role | Ref. |
Quercetin | NAFLD | Regulates hepatic lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammatory response | Improve | Bender et al[94] |
Silymarin | NASH | Suppresses HSCs activation and TNF-α | Improve | Keum[95] |
Berberine | NAFLD | Regulates lipid metabolism and inflammation | Improve | Cominacini et al[96] |
Ginsenoside | NAFLD | Prevent lipid accumulation and oxidative damage | Improve | Abdalkader et al[97] |
Capillin | NASH | Mitigates hepatocyte apoptosis, lipid accumulation, and oxidative damage | Improve | Björnsson and Björnsson[98] |
Baicalin | NASH | Modulates mitochondrial function, suppresses pyroptosis | Improve | Rousta et al[99] |
Aloin | NASH | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic | Improve | Emad et al[100] |
Flavones | NASH | Attenuates oxidative stress and liver inflammation | Improve | Zhai et al[101] |
Linalool | NAFLD | Suppresses lipid accumulation and oxidative stress | Improve | Jin et al[102] |
Wogonoside | NAFLD | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | Improve | Gao et al[103] |
Scutellarin | NAFLD | Reduces oxidative stress, improves hepatic function | Improve | Pan et al[104]; Li et al[105] |
Naringin | NAFLD | Suppresses NF-κB/TNF-α axis and triglyceride synthesis | Improve | Wu et al[106] |
Geniposide | NAFLD | Reduces lipid accumulation | Improve | Shen et al[18] |
Dehydroabietic acid | NAFLD | Inhibits ROS accumulation and MDA levels | Improve | Liu and Hou[107] |
Table 2 Natural monomers modulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway to mitigate alcoholic liver disease
Monomers | Disease models | Mechanisms | Role | Ref. |
Quercetin | ALD | Induces p62 expression, inhibits the binding of Keap1 to Nrf2 | Improve | Tseng et al[116] |
Silymarin | ALD | Reduces TGF-β1 and 4-HYP levels, suppressing oxidative injury | Improve | Chen et al[117] |
Curcumin | ALD | Suppress p53 expression, enhances Nrf2 nuclear translocation | Improve | Yu et al[118] |
Ginsenosides | ALD | Reduces oxidative stress and liver inflammation | Improve | Chen et al[119] |
Baicalin | ALD | Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory | Improve | Yang et al[120] |
Polysaccharides | ALD | Regulating oxidative stress and improve alcoholic liver injury by inhibiting the production of inflammatory factors | Improve | Roehlen et al[121] |
Oleanolic acid | ALD | Suppress the alcohol-induced increases | Improve | Zhang et al[122] |
CAE | ALD | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic | Improve | Parola and Pinzani[123] |
Table 3 Natural monomers modulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway to mitigate drug-induced liver injury
Monomers | Disease models | Mechanisms | Role | Ref. |
Isorhamnetin | DILI | Reduces oxidative stress, inflammation, and pyroptosis | Improve | Forner et al[134] |
Dihydromyricetin | DILI | Reduces apoptosis and oxidative stress | Improve | Ganesan and Kulik[135] |
Curcumin | DILI | Alleviate hepatic inflammation | Improve | Yang et al[136] |
Berberine | DILI | Alleviate hepatic inflammation | Improve | |
Resveratrol | DILI | Mitigate oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction | Improve | Xu et al[137] |
Ginsenosides | DILI | Reduces apoptosis and ROS | Improve | Hayes and McMahon[138] |
Andrographolide | DILI | Decreases MDA and ROS | Improve | Hallis et al[139] |
Astragaloside IV | DILI | Reduces inflammation | Improve | Loboda et al[140] |
Salvianolic acid C | DILI | Attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis | Improve | Lohitesh et al[141] |
Table 4 Natural monomers modulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway to mitigate hepatitis C virus
Monomers | Disease models | Mechanisms | Role | Ref. |
Andrographolide | HCV | Increases biliverdin levels | Improve | Narożna et al[150] |
Celastrol | HCV | Enhances antiviral interferon responses, suppresses NS3/4A protease activity | Improve | Hassan et al[151] |
Lucidone | HCV | Increases biliverdin levels | Improve | Sun et al[152] |
Sulforaphane | HCV | Enhances IFN responses, suppresses NS3 protease activity | Improve | Fu et al[153] |
Curcumin | HCV | Induces HO-1, inhibits PI3-AKT pathway | Improve | Chopra and Dhingra[154] |
Table 5 Natural monomers modulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway to mitigate liver fibrosis and cirrhosis
Monomers | Disease models | Mechanisms | Role | Ref. |
Curcumin | Cirrhosis | Reduces collagen I deposition | Improve | Yatoo et al[162] |
Curcumin | Fibrosis | Reduces oxidative stress, inflammatory and fibrotic markers | Improve | Sailo et al[163] |
Pomegranate extract | Fibrosis | Reduces oxidative stress, inflammatory and fibrotic markers | Improve | Sailo et al[163] |
Hyperoside | Fibrosis | Reduces oxidative stress, restores antioxidant enzyme activities | Improve | Manawy et al[164] |
Schisandrin B | Fibrosis | Mitigates oxidative stress, suppresses HSC activation | Improve | Robledinos-Antón et al[165] |
Tanshinol | Fibrosis | Reduces oxidative stress, MDA, inflammatory | Improve | Kundrapu and Malla[166] |
Salvianolic acid A | Fibrosis | Inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress | Improve | Wu et al[167] |
Asiatic acid | Fibrosis | Reduces oxidative stress | Improve | Wang et al[168] |
Table 6 Natural monomers modulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway to mitigate hepatocellular carcinoma
Monomers | Disease models | Mechanisms | Role | Ref. |
Curcumin | HCC | Reduces oxidative damage and inflammation | Improve | Khalil et al[178] |
Resveratrol | HCC | Against oxidative stress | Improve | Amirshahrokhi and Niapour[179] |
Berberine | HCC | Reduces hepatic triglyceride accumulation and oxidative stress | Improve | Bellaver et al[181] |
Tanshinone IIA | HCC | Reduces oxidative stress markers and enhances antioxidant defenses | Improve | Zhao et al[182] |
Ginsenosides | HCC | Inhibits inflammasomes | Improve | Gao et al[183] |
Brusatol | HCC | Mediates ferroptosis | Improve | Görg et al[184] |
Oleanolic acid oxime derivatives | HCC | Reduces cell cycle, apoptosis, and proliferation | Improve | Navarro and Esteras[185] |
Emodin | HCC | Suppresses cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis | Improve | Wang et al[186] |
- Citation: Zhang YM, Zhang ZG. Modulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 in liver-brain axis disorders. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(9): 108382
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v15/i9/108382.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v15.i9.108382