Effect of lurasidone plus sulpiride on treatment efficacy, psychiatric manifestations, and quality of life among patients with schizophrenia

Table 1 General characteristics of patients in the two groups

Indicators	Control group (n = 50)	Observation group (n = 60)	χ²/t	P value
Sex (male/female)	30/20	31/29	0.767	0.876
Age (years)	54.46 ± 7.22	52.20 ± 8.61	1.474	0.144
Disease course (years)	6.26 ± 2.00	6.05 ± 2.60	0.467	0.641
Body mass index (kg/m2)	25.12 ± 2.18	24.45 ± 2.20	1.597	0.113
Years of education (years)	10.80 ± 2.73	10.00 ± 3.15	1.408	0.162
Concomitant medications (yes/no)	12/38	10/50	0.917	0.338
Tobacco use (yes/no)	18/32	15/45	1.571	0.210
Regular exercise habits (yes/no)	10/40	8/52	0.886	0.347

Concomitant medications: Benzodiazepines, anticholinergics, etc.; tobacco use defined as ≥ 1 cigarette per day; regular exercise habits: ≥ 3 sessions per week, each lasting ≥ 30 minutes.

Table 2 Efficacy of the two patient groups, n (%)

Indicators	Control group (n = 50)	Observation group (n = 60)	χ²	P value
Cure	15 (30.00)	20 (33.33)
Improvement	23 (46.00)	36 (60.00)
Ineffectiveness	12 (24.00)	4 (6.67)
Overall efficacy	38 (76.00)	56 (93.33)	6.592	0.010

Table 3 Incidence of adverse events in the two patient groups, n (%)

Indicators	Control group (n = 50)	Observation group (n = 60)	χ²	P value
Fatigue	2 (4.00)	1 (1.67)
Xerostomia	1 (2.00)	1 (1.67)
Insomnia	1 (2.00)	2 (3.33)
Anorexia	1 (2.00)	0 (0.00)
Headache	3 (6.00)	2 (3.33)
Total	8 (16.00)	6 (10.00)	0.884	0.347

Table 4 Psychiatric symptom assessment of the two patient groups

Indicators	Control group (n = 50)	Observation group (n = 60)	t value	P value
Positive symptoms
Before treatment	23.24 ± 6.22	21.22 ± 7.68	1.495	0.138
After treatment	14.46 ± 2.92a	10.92 ± 2.63b	6.685	< 0.001
Negative symptoms
Before treatment	29.86 ± 10.60	30.42 ± 7.84	0.318	0.751
After treatment	25.00 ± 5.41a	18.78 ± 5.48b	5.962	< 0.001
General psychopathological symptoms
Before treatment	60.26 ± 13.15	61.33 ± 13.50	0.121	0.904
After treatment	43.68 ± 12.99a	35.95 ± 10.46b	3.457	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05, between the same groups compared with before treatment.

^bP < 0.01, between the same groups compared with before treatment.

Table 5 Cognitive and social function assessment of the two patient groups

Indicators	Control group (n = 50)	Observation group (n = 60)	t value	P value
Repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (points)
Before treatment	79.36 ± 13.19	78.07 ± 12.39	0.528	0.599
After treatment	87.72 ± 10.04a	95.80 ± 11.09b	3.971	< 0.001
Personal and social performance scale (points)
Before treatment	49.54 ± 4.52	48.80 ± 6.65	0.668	0.505
After treatment	76.94 ± 5.50a	84.17 ± 7.54b	5.642	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05, between the same groups compared with before treatment.

^bP < 0.01, between the same groups compared with before treatment.