Anxiety disorders following percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: A comprehensive review of clinical manifestations and interventions

Figure 1 Anxiety disorders after percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: Comprehensive clinical framework. The figure illustrates a comprehensive clinical framework for anxiety disorders following percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction, displaying the interconnected relationships between symptom domains (physiological, cognitive, behavioral, and cardiac-specific anxiety), risk factors (demographic, psychological, medical/clinical, and social), temporal trajectories (resilient, recovery, chronic, and delayed-onset patterns), sex differences (showing distinct presentations and recovery patterns between female and male patients), comorbid depression, and various intervention approaches (assessment tools, psychological therapies, pharmacological treatments, and integrated rehabilitation programs). PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; ECG: Electrocardiogram; CBT: Cognitive behavioral therapy; MACE: Major adverse cardiovascular event.