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©The Author(s) 2026. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Psychiatry. Jan 19, 2026; 16(1): 113130
Published online Jan 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i1.113130
Published online Jan 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i1.113130
Network perspective on rumination and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents with depressive disorders
Fang-Fang Zhang, Rui Guo, Si-Lan Chen, Wei Yang, Xing-Li Liang, Ming-Fang Ma, Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
Author contributions: Zhang FF research and write a manuscript; Guo R, Chen SL and Yang W contributed to conceiving the research and analyzing data; Liang XL contributed to project administration; Ma MF designed and supervised the study, revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content. All authors have read and approve the final manuscript.
Supported by Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province, China, No. 2024SF-YBXM-078.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Approval No. XJTU1AF2021 LSK-029).
Informed consent statement: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and their legal guardians.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: Technical appendix, statistical code, and dataset available from the corresponding author at mingfangma@163.com.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Ming-Fang Ma, Associate Chief Nurse, Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yantaxi Road, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China. mingfangma@163.com
Received: August 19, 2025
Revised: September 9, 2025
Accepted: October 17, 2025
Published online: January 19, 2026
Processing time: 134 Days and 16.3 Hours
Revised: September 9, 2025
Accepted: October 17, 2025
Published online: January 19, 2026
Processing time: 134 Days and 16.3 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: For the first time, we applied network analysis to map symptom-level links between rumination subtypes and specific non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors in adolescents with depressive disorders. Symptom-focused rumination emerged as the most influential bridge connecting cognitive and behavioral symptoms, while self-scratching was the most central NSSI behavior. These findings including: (1) Identify precise cognitive and behavioral targets; and (2) Offer a novel framework for developing tailored interventions that integrate cognitive restructuring with behavioral strategies to reduce NSSI in this vulnerable population.