Gokcay H, Takım U, Sağlam T. Sleep quality in bipolar disorder: A comparative study of treatment with lithium and valproic acid. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(11): 111807 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i11.111807]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Uğur Takım, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Erzurum City Hospital, Üniversite Neighborhood, 36 Çat Yolu Street, Yakutiye, Erzurum 25044, Türkiye. ugurtakim@gmail.com
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Psychiatry
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Observational Study
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This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Nov 19, 2025 (publication date) through Nov 4, 2025
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Publication Name
World Journal of Psychiatry
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2220-3206
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
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Gokcay H, Takım U, Sağlam T. Sleep quality in bipolar disorder: A comparative study of treatment with lithium and valproic acid. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(11): 111807 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i11.111807]
World J Psychiatry. Nov 19, 2025; 15(11): 111807 Published online Nov 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i11.111807
Sleep quality in bipolar disorder: A comparative study of treatment with lithium and valproic acid
Hasan Gokcay, Uğur Takım, Tarık Sağlam
Hasan Gokcay, Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Sarkisla State Hospital, Sivas 58400, Türkiye
Uğur Takım, Tarık Sağlam, Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Erzurum City Hospital, Erzurum 25044, Türkiye
Author contributions: Gokcay H, Takim U and Sağlam T designed the research; Takim U and Sağlam T performed the research; Gokcay H, Takim U and Sağlam T contributed new reagents/analytic tools; Gokcay H and Takim U analyzed the data; Gokcay H and Takim U wrote the paper; Gokcay H and Sağlam T critically reviewed the paper.
Institutional review board statement: The research protocol underwent scrutiny and approval from the Scientific Research Ethics Committee of the University of Health Sciences, Erzurum City Hospital (IRB: 2025/03-88), adhering strictly to the principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration.
Informed consent statement: Informed consent was obtained from the subjects who participated in the study.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Uğur Takım, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Erzurum City Hospital, Üniversite Neighborhood, 36 Çat Yolu Street, Yakutiye, Erzurum 25044, Türkiye. ugurtakim@gmail.com
Received: July 10, 2025 Revised: July 27, 2025 Accepted: August 26, 2025 Published online: November 19, 2025 Processing time: 117 Days and 17.2 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This study explored how two commonly used mood stabilizers, lithium and valproic acid, affect sleep quality in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) during remission. Although overall sleep quality was poor in both groups, patients treated with lithium showed significantly better sleep efficiency and fewer sleep disturbances compared to those receiving valproic acid. These findings highlight the potential advantage of lithium in promoting more stable and restorative sleep in BD. Given the critical role of sleep in the long-term course and relapse risk of BD, our results suggest that sleep-related outcomes should be considered when selecting maintenance treatments. Further studies using objective sleep measures and longitudinal designs are needed to build on these findings.
