Mental and physical health outcomes among intimate partner violence survivors in Taiwan: A nationwide registry-based case control study

doi:10.5498/wjp.v16.i1.112745

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Jan 19, 2026 (publication date) through Dec 31, 2025

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Publication Name

World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Case Control Study

World J Psychiatry. Jan 19, 2026; 16(1): 112745
Published online Jan 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i1.112745

Mental and physical health outcomes among intimate partner violence survivors in Taiwan: A nationwide registry-based case control study

Shin-Ting Yeh, Ming-Yi Li, Yu-Chen Chen

Shin-Ting Yeh, Yu-Chen Chen, Graduate Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data in Healthcare, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112303, Taiwan

Ming-Yi Li, Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106308, Taiwan

Co-first authors: Shin-Ting Yeh and Ming-Yi Li.

Author contributions: Li MY and Chen YC drafted the original manuscript; Li MY developed the methodology and software; Yeh ST conceptualized the study, performed methodological design, and reviewed and edited all subsequent versions of the manuscript, in addition to supervising the study; Yeh ST and Li MY conducted the formal analyses, contributed equally, and their complementary but equivalent intellectual leadership and workload justify their co-first author designation. All authors approved the final version to publish.

Supported by National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan, No. MOST 111-2629-H-227-001-MY2.

Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. YM111102E. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant institutional guidelines.

Informed consent statement: Informed consent was waived due to the de-identified nature of the secondary data from the Health and Welfare Data Science Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan. No individual patient contact was required.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.

Data sharing statement: Although the data that support the findings of this study are not publicly available, access may be granted upon reasonable request, with permission from the Health and Welfare Data Science Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan. Restrictions that will apply to the availability of these data are in accordance with its original usage under license for the current study.

Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Corresponding author: Shin-Ting Yeh, PhD, Assistant Professor, Graduate Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data in Healthcare, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, No. 365 Mingte Road, Peitou District, Taipei 112303, Taiwan. shinting@ntunhs.edu.tw

Received: August 8, 2025
Revised: September 1, 2025
Accepted: October 20, 2025
Published online: January 19, 2026
Processing time: 145 Days and 10.2 Hours

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health concern linked to psychiatric and physical morbidity. However, evidence from East Asia, particularly from registry-based and sex-inclusive analyses, remains limited. We hypothesized that IPV survivors would have elevated risks of psychiatric disorders and stress-related physical conditions.

AIM

To assess psychiatric and physical health risks following IPV exposure in Taiwan.

METHODS

We conducted a nationwide, registry-based case control study using data from Taiwan’s Health and Welfare Data Science Center. Adults aged 18-64 years with a first IPV report in 2019 (n = 43393) were matched 1:1 by sex and age to controls. Incident diagnoses within 1 year were identified from claims data. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs).

RESULTS

Compared to controls, IPV survivors had higher risks of depressive disorders [AOR = 4.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.78-4.60, P < 0.001], bipolar disorder (AOR = 4.81, 95%CI: 3.83-6.10, P < 0.001), schizophrenia (AOR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.46-2.10, P < 0.001), and alcohol/substance use disorders (AOR = 5.98, 95%CI: 2.21-8.50, P < 0.001). The risk of asthma was modestly elevated (AOR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.08-1.60, P = 0.006). No significant association was observed for irritable bowel syndrome (P = 0.94).

CONCLUSION

IPV survivors in Taiwan face substantially increased psychiatric risk and a modestly elevated risk of asthma, warranting early screening and integrated mental and physical health care.

Keywords: Intimate partner violence; Depression; Bipolar disorder; Substance use disorder; Asthma; Nationwide registry

Core Tip: This nationwide, registry-based case control study is the first in Taiwan to comprehensively assess both psychiatric and physical health risks among adults with documented intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure. The findings demonstrate that IPV survivors, regardless of sex, face substantially increased risks of major psychiatric disorders and asthma within 1 year, highlighting the urgent need to integrate mental health screening and multidisciplinary care into routine services for IPV-affected individuals.