Psychiatric disorders linked to visual impairment: A review of mental health challenges and interventions across age groups

Abstract

The intersection of visual impairment and mental health has profound effects on quality of life and warrants attention from healthcare providers, educators, and policymakers. With 20 million children under the age of 14 affected globally, older adults also experience significant psychological impact including depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. The implications of vision-related challenges extend far beyond mere sight. Depression and anxiety, exacerbated by social isolation and reduced physical activity, underscore the need for comprehensive interventions that address both medical and psychosocial dimensions. By recognizing the profound impact of ocular morbidities like strabismus, myopia, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration on mental health and investing in effective treatments and inclusive practices, society can pave the way for a healthier, more equitable future for affected individuals. There is evidence that myopic children experience a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms compared to their normal peers, and interventions like the correction of strabismus can enhance psychological outcome - demonstrating the value of an integrated management approach.

Keywords: Visual impairment; Ocular morbidity; Mental health; Depression; Anxiety; Psychosocial interventions; Quality of life; Cognitive impairment; Older adults; Children

Core Tip: Visual impairment and eye disorders are strongly associated with mental illness, namely depression and anxiety. The interaction is bidirectional: Vision loss can lead to psychological illness, but psychological illness can worsen vision loss through affecting compliance with treatment. Regular screening for psychiatric health in ophthalmic practice and multidisciplinary collaboration are required. Interventions should be tailored to age, severity of visual impairment, and individual psychosocial needs with a focus on coping and functional support.