Abnormal expression and potential clinical value of oncogenic Krüppel-like factor-5 in lung squamous cell carcinoma

Table 1 Summary of the intensity of KLF5 expression in lung tissues

Group	n	KLF5		χ2	P value	KLF5 intensity				Z value	P value
		Pos	Neg			-	+	++	+++
LUAD	60	39	21	2.749	0.097	21	29	9	1	5.059	0.168
Adj-Ca	60	29	31			31	19	10	0
LUSC	60	51	9	61.702	< 0.001	9	3	27	21	74.278	< 0.001
Adj-Ca	60	7	53			53	5	2	0

Adj-Ca: Adjacent cancerous tissues; KLF5: Krüppel-like factor 5; LUAD: Lung adenocarcinoma; LUSC: Lung squamous-cell carcinoma; Neg: Negative KLF5; Pos: Positive KLF5.

Table 2 Clinicopathological characteristics of positive Krüppel-like factor 5 expression in lung squamous-cell carcinoma

Groups	No. of patient (%)	KLF5 positive (n)	%	χ2	P value
Lung cancer	60	51	85.0	-	-
Gender
Male	51	43	84.3	0.023	0.879
Female	9	8	88.9
Age (years)
≤ 60	28	23	82.1	0.047	0.828
> 60	32	28	87.5
Tumor diameter (cm)
≤ 2	15	12	80.0	0.044	0.835
> 2	45	39	86.7
Differentiation
Well	18	11	61.1	8.989	0.003a
Moderate/poor	42	40	95.2
Lymph node metastasis
Without	16	10	62.5	6.424	0.011a
With	44	41	93.2
TNM staging
I-II	49	41	83.7	0.020	0.889
III-IV	11	10	90.9
Five-year survival
Yes	19	17	89.5	0.074	0.786
No	41	34	82.9

^aP value < 0.05.

KLF5: Krüppel-like factor 5; TNM: Tumor node metastasis staging.

Table 3 Univariate/multivariate analysis of strong Krüppel-like factor 5 expression in lung squamous-cell carcinoma

	Univariate			Multivariate
	HR	P > |z|	95%CI	HR	P > |z|	95%CI
KLF5 expression
Strong vs weak	3.050	0.002	1.741-5.326	3.122	0.003	1.725-5.458
Gender
Male vs female	1.704	0.052	0.994-2.921	1.121	0.706	0.622-2.015
Age (years)
≤ 60 vs > 60	1.115	0.628	0.717-1.733	1.365	0.826	0.845-2.209
Diameter (cm)
≤ 2 vs > 2	1.497	0.081	0.952-2.335	0.806	0.497	0.435-1.506
Differentiation
Well vs Mid/poor	3.216	< 0.001	0.886-3.021	2.012	< 0.001	0.065-2.688
LNM
No vs Mip/Mim	2.095	< 0.001	1.258-2987	2.095	< 0.001	1.197-3.667
Staging with TNM
I-II vs III/IV	0.925	0.642	0.432-1.586	1.515	0.082	0.948-2.422

HR: Hazard ratio; KLF5: Krüppel-like factor 5; LNM: Lymph node metastasis; Mid: Middle differentiation; Mim: Mediastinal metastasis; Mip: Ipsilateral peribronchial metastasis; No: No regional lymph node metastasis; TNM: Tumor node metastasis staging.