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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Oncol. Sep 24, 2025; 16(9): 108748
Published online Sep 24, 2025. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.108748
Published online Sep 24, 2025. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.108748
Gastric neuroendocrine tumors: A review of pathology and updated roadmap to surgical management
Alexandra Z Agathis, Martina Lopez-May, Cole Brown, Celia M Divino, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
Author contributions: Agathis AZ established study design, principally conducted literature review, and drafted the original manuscript; Lopez-May M and Brown C contributed to the paper significantly and revised the manuscript; Divino CM conceptualized the study, supervised the work, and revised the manuscript; All authors prepared the draft and approved the submitted version.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Celia M Divino, FACS, MD, Professor, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place New York, New York, NY 10029, United States. celia.divino@mountsinai.org
Received: April 24, 2025
Revised: May 28, 2025
Accepted: August 12, 2025
Published online: September 24, 2025
Processing time: 153 Days and 1.6 Hours
Revised: May 28, 2025
Accepted: August 12, 2025
Published online: September 24, 2025
Processing time: 153 Days and 1.6 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Gastric neuroendocrine tumors are a rare pathology, with rising incidence as endoscopic diagnoses increase. Management, including surgical decision-making, is guided by subtype as well as tumor size and grade, which have been shown to be prognostic. There still exist areas that lack consensus, namely for extent of surgery for intermediate-grade and medium-sized type III tumors, as well as in clarifying the role of systemic therapies for high-grade tumors in the perioperative settings and for nonoperative metastatic disease specifically for gastric-originating tumors. Existing practice guidelines provide surgeons the framework for treatment, however future work is needed to fill gaps in decision-making consensus.