Role of the gut microbiome in the development and prognosis of pediatric leukemia

doi:10.5306/wjco.v16.i11.111419

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Nov 24, 2025 (publication date) through Nov 21, 2025

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology

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2218-4333

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Clin Oncol. Nov 24, 2025; 16(11): 111419
Published online Nov 24, 2025. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v16.i11.111419

Role of the gut microbiome in the development and prognosis of pediatric leukemia

Jelena Roganovic, Mia Radosevic, Ana Dordevic

Jelena Roganovic, Department for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia

Mia Radosevic, Health Center, Primorsko-Goranska County, Rijeka 51000, Croatia

Ana Dordevic, Department of Business, Jadran Galenski Laboratorij, Rijeka 51000, Croatia

Author contributions: Roganovic J provided the input in writing the paper, designed the outline and coordinated the writing of the paper; Radosevic M performed the research and wrote the preliminary draft; Dordevic A contributed to writing and provided technical support for manuscript preparation; all the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Corresponding author: Jelena Roganovic, MD, PhD, Tenured Professor, Department for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Klaiceva 16, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. jelena.roganovic02@gmail.com

Received: June 30, 2025
Revised: July 20, 2025
Accepted: October 17, 2025
Published online: November 24, 2025
Processing time: 145 Days and 14.3 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in the development, prognosis, and management of pediatric leukemias. This mini-review synthesizes current evidence on microbial dysbiosis as both a risk factor and prognostic biomarker, discusses methodological and safety challenges relating to gut microbiome research, and reviews innovative gut microbiome-targeted therapies. By advocating for pediatric-specific safety frameworks and integrating gut microbiome profiling into clinical protocols, this paper underscores the gut microbiome’s potential to transform early detection, personalized therapy, and long-term outcomes in pediatric leukemia.