Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1: A novel antitumor target in gastrointestinal cancers

Abstract

Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is a member of the type I receptor tyrosine kinase family. ROR1 is pivotal in embryonic development and cancer, and serves as a biomarker and therapeutic target. It has soluble and membrane-bound subtypes, with the latter highly expressed in tumors. ROR1 is conserved throughout evolution and may play a role in the development of gastrointestinal cancer through multiple signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Studies suggest that overexpression of ROR1 may increase tumor invasiveness and metastasis. Additionally, ROR1 may regulate the cell cycle, stem cell characteristics, and interact with other signaling pathways to affect cancer progression. This review explores the structure, expression and role of ROR1 in the development of gastrointestinal cancers. It discusses current antitumor strategies, outlining challenges and prospects for treatment.

Keywords: Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1; Gastrointestinal cancers; Therapeutic target; Molecular mechanisms; Antitumor strategies

Core Tip: Delve into a comprehensive review spotlighting receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) pivotal involvement in gastrointestinal cancer advancement and its promising prospects as an anti-tumor remedy. Explore pivotal cellular pathways governing ROR1 regulation and pertinent insights into existing commercial therapeutic offerings. Emphasizing ROR1’s crucial role in gastrointestinal cancer treatment, this review offers a nuanced blend of historical context and scientific insight, illuminating the dynamic landscape of this evolving field.