Comparison of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography drainage vs percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in severe cholangitis: A study from low-middle income country

Table 1 Comparative analysis of baseline features

Characteristic	ERCP (n = 12)	PTBD (n = 21)	P value
Severe cholangitis (n = 33)	12 (36.4)	21 (63.6)
Mean age (years)	60.4	62.7	0.63
Female	4 (33.3)	8 (38.1)	0.78
Male	8 (66.7)	13 (61.9)
Charlson Comorbidity Index score	3.3 ± 2.4	5.0 ± 2.7	0.09
Comorbidities
Hypertension	7 (58.3)	12 (57.1)	0.94
Diabetes	4 (33.3)	8 (38.1)	0.78
Ischemic heart disease	1 (8.3)	6 (28.6)	0.17
Chronic kidney disease	0 (0.0)	2 (9.5)	0.27
Chronic liver disease	1 (8.3)	1 (4.8)	0.67
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease	1 (8.3)	0 (0.0)	0.17
Clinical features
Abdominal pain	8 (66.7)	18 (85.7)	0.19
Fever	7 (58.3)	13 (61.9)	0.80
Jaundice	5 (41.7)	15 (71.4)	0.09
Nausea and vomiting	5 (41.7)	5 (23.8)	0.28
Weight loss	1 (8.3)	7 (33.3)	0.10
Altered consciousness	1 (8.3)	5 (23.8)	0.26
Lethargy	0 (0.0)	3 (14.3)	0.17
Vitals
Temperature	37.0 ± 0.4	37.3 ± 0.4	0.11
Heart rate	96.2 ± 14.8	102.3 ± 19.5	0.35
Mean arterial pressure	64.9 ± 7.4	60.7 ± 4.6	0.05
Respiratory rate	20.7 ± 6.1	20.6 ± 2.1	0.97
SpO2	95.1 ± 2.6	94.9 ± 1.3	0.79
Laboratory investigations
Hemoglobin	11.2 ± 2.8	10.3 ± 1.8	0.29
Total leukocyte count	18.2 ± 7.8	18.2 ± 8.7	0.98
Platelets	216.7 ± 126.3	223 ± 130.4	0.88
Prothrombin time	15.6 ± 7.3	16.2 ± 8.4	0.83
Organ severity
Cardiac dysfunction	6 (50.0)	17 (80.9)	0.06
Hepatic dysfunction	4 (33.3)	10 (47.6)	0.42
Renal dysfunction	3 (25.0)	8 (38.1)	0.44
Hematological dysfunction	3 (25.0)	4 (19.1)	0.68
Neurological dysfunction	0 (0.0)	3 (14.3)	0.17
Pulmonary dysfunction	0 (0.0)	2 (9.6)	0.27

Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD. ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; PTBD: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage; SpO₂: Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation.

Table 2 Technical success, complications and outcome of patients

Outcome	ERCP (n = 12)	PTBD (n = 21)	P value
Technical success	12 (100.0)	21 (100.0)
Therapeutic success	11 (91.7)	12 (57.1)	0.03
Complications
Total complications	2 (16.7)	12 (57.1)	0.02
Hospital acquired infections	2 (16.7)	11 (52.4)	0.04
Pulmonary complications	1 (8.3)	6 (28.6)	0.17
Dislodgement	0 (0.0)	3 (14.3)	0.17
Arrhythmias	0 (0.0)	1 (4.7)	0.44
Bleeding	0 (0.0)	2 (4.8)	0.44
Mortality	0 (0.0)	5 (23.8)	0.06
Readmission	1 (8.3)	4 (19.1)	0.40

Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD. ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; PTBD: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage.