Gastric motility and its association with adiposity and metabolic health in a cohort of Sri Lankan office workers

doi:10.4291/wjgp.v16.i4.112536

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology

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2150-5330

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. Dec 22, 2025; 16(4): 112536
Published online Dec 22, 2025. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v16.i4.112536

Table 1 Categorization of participants according to age, adiposity, and metabolic markers, n (%)

Parameter	Category	Percentage distribution
Parameter	Category	Total (n = 130)	Male (n = 54)	Females (n = 76)
Age (years)	20–30	35 (26.9)	9 (16.7)	26 (34.2)
	31-40	41 (31.5)	15 (27.8)	26 (34.2)
	41-50	54 (41.5)	30 (55.5)	24 (31.6)
Adiposity measures
BMI (kg/m²)	Underweight	6 (4.6)	3 (5.6)	3 (3.9)
	Normal	73 (56.2)	32 (59.3)	41 (53.9)
	Overweight	40 (30.8)	16 (29.6)	24 (31.6)
	Obesity - class 1	9 (6.9)	3 (5.6)	6 (7.9)
	Obesity - class 2	2 (1.5)	0 (0.0)	2 (2.6)
Body fat (%)	Normal	127 (97.7)	53 (98.1)	74 (97.4)
Body fat (%)	Overweight/obese	3 (2.3)	1 (1.9)	2 (2.6)
Waist circumference (cm)	Normal	92 (70.8)	45 (83.3)	47 (61.8)
Waist circumference (cm)	Abdominal adiposity	38 (29.2)	9 (16.7)	29 (38.2)
Waist-to-hip ratio	Normal	77 (59.2)	41 (75.9)	36 (47.4)
Waist-to-hip ratio	Health risk	53 (40.8)	13 (24.1)	40 (52.6)
Metabolic parameters
HbA1c (%)	Normal	104 (80.0)	41 (75.9)	63 (82.9)
	Pre-diabetes	19 (14.6)	9 (16.7)	10 (13.2)
	Diabetes	7 (5.4)	4 (7.4)	3 (3.9)
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	Desirable	68 (52.3)	30 (55.6)	38 (50.0)
	Borderline high	48 (36.9)	18 (33.3)	30 (39.5)
	High	14 (10.8)	6 (11.1)	8 (10.5)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	Normal	111 (85.4)	39 (72.2)	72 (94.7)
	Borderline high	11 (8.5)	8 (14.8)	3 (3.9)
	High	8 (6.2)	7 (13.0)	1 (1.3)
HDL (mg/dL)	Low	18 (13.8)	13 (24.1)	5 (6.6)
	Normal	82 (62.3)	38 (70.4)	43 (56.6)
	High	31 (23.8)	3 (5.6)	28 (36.8)
LDL (mg/dL)	Optimal	27 (20.8)	12 (22.2)	15 (19.7)
	Near-optimal	52 (40.0)	20 (37.0)	32 (42.1)
	High/very high	51 (39.2)	22 (40.8)	29 (38.2)
Liver enzymes
SGOT (U/L)	Normal	123 (94.6)	50 (92.6)	73 (96.1)
SGOT (U/L)	Elevated	7 (5.4)	4 (7.4)	3 (3.9)
SGPT (U/L)	Normal	102 (78.5)	36 (66.7)	66 (86.8)
SGPT (U/L)	Elevated	28 (21.5)	18 (33.3)	10 (13.2)

BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; HDL: High-density lipoproteins; LDL: Low-density lipoproteins; SGOT: Aspartate transaminase; SGPT: Alanine transaminase.

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Table 2 Adiposity, and metabolic indicators among participants according to gender

Parameter	Total (n = 130)	Male (n = 54)	Female (n = 76)	P value¹
Parameter	mean ± SD	mean ± SD	mean ± SD	P value¹
Body composition
BMI (kg/m²)	24.36 ± 4.09	23.96 ± 3.79	24.64 ± 4.30	0.357
Waist circumference (cm)	79.95 ± 11.07	83.59 ± 8.65	77.37 ± 11.90	0.001
Hip circumference (cm)	96.73 ± 8.74	96.52 ± 7.85	96.88 ± 9.38	0.821
Waist/hip	0.83 ± 0.08	0.87 ± 0.06	0.80 ± 0.89	< 0.001
Body fat (%)	17.03 ± 6.22	12.86 ± 4.66	19.99 ± 5.46	< 0.001
Metabolic indicators
HbA1c (%)	5.35 ± 0.81	5.44 ± 0.91	5.29 ± 0.74	0.315
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	197.36 ± 33.40	197.32 ± 36.98	197.40 ± 30.86	0.989
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	108.54 ± 47.21	130.01 ± 55.12	93.29 ± 33.46	< 0.001
HDL (mg/dL)	51.56 ± 12.24	45.19 ± 8.59	56.08 ± 12.48	< 0.001
LDL (mg/dL)	123.69 ± 30.67	126.02 ± 34.34	122.03 ± 27.90	0.467
Cholesterol/HDL ratio	3.97 ± 1.04	4.49 ± 1.11	3.60 ± 0.82	< 0.001
VLDL (mg/dL)	21.35 ± 9.42	26.65 ± 10.97	18.30 ± 6.70	< 0.001
Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	145.05 ± 33.43	151.65 ± 37.04	140.37 ± 29.99	0.058
SGOT/AST (U/L)	23.07 ± 9.70	27.18 ± 9.52	20.15 ± 8.77	< 0.001
SGPT/ALT (U/L)	28.82 ± 21.07	39.80 ± 22.31	21.01 ± 16.46	< 0.001

¹Independent samples t-test.

BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; HDL: High-density lipoproteins; LDL: Low-density lipoproteins; SGOT: Aspartate transaminase; SGPT: Alanine transaminase; VLDL: Very low-density lipoproteins.

Full Size Table

Table 3 Gastric motility parameters in the total sample and according to gender

Gastric motility parameter	Total (n = 130)	Male (n = 54)	Female (n = 76)	P value¹
Gastric motility parameter	mean ± SD	mean ± SD	mean ± SD	P value¹
Fasting antral area (cm²)	6.32 ± 2.56	6.92 ± 2.73	5.90 ± 2.35	0.025
Antral area in 1 minute (cm²)	17.03 ± 4.73	16.83 ± 4.38	17.18 ± 4.98	0.678
Antral area in 15 minutes (cm²)	12.48 ± 4.13	12.57 ± 4.59	12.42 ± 3.79	0.836
Frequency of antral contractions (3 minutes)	9.16 ± 0.94	9.20 ± 1.02	9.13 ± 0.89	0.668
Gastric emptying rate (%)	25.48 ± 20.36	24.33 ± 23.21	26.30 ± 18.18	0.588
Amplitude of antral contractions (%)	43.71 ± 14.70	42.02 ± 14.85	44.91 ± 14.58	0.271
Antral motility index	4.03 ± 1.49	3.89 ± 1.51	4.13 ± 1.49	0.364

¹Independent samples t-test.

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Table 4 Comparison of gastric motility parameters across three age groups

Gastric motility parameter	Age group
Gastric motility parameter	20-30 years	31-40 years	41-50 years
Fasting antral area (cm²)	5.41 ± 2.50	6.33 ± 2.29	6.92 ± 2.65¹
Antral area in 1 minute (cm²)	17.38 ± 6.13	15.74 ± 3.70	17.78 ± 4.24
Antral area in 15 minutes (cm²)	12.15 ± 4.39	12.25 ± 3.62	12.87 ± 4.35
Frequency of antral contractions (3 minutes)	9.11 ± 0.93	9.29 ± 0.93	9.09 ± 0.96
Gastric emptying rate (%)	29.26 ± 13.88	21.37 ± 20.10	26.16 ± 23.61
Amplitude of antral contractions (%)	42.79 ± 14.03	44.57 ± 15.48	43.65 ± 14.76
Antral motility index	3.94 ± 1.49	4.17 ± 1.61	3.99 ± 1.43

¹One-Way ANOVA, P = 0.024.

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Citation: Basnayake PI, Kottahachchi D, Chandran DS, Medagoda K, Devanarayana NM. Gastric motility and its association with adiposity and metabolic health in a cohort of Sri Lankan office workers. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2025; 16(4): 112536
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2150-5330/full/v16/i4/112536.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.v16.i4.112536