Roles of chemokines in pancreatitis: A review

Table 1 Role of chemokines in pancreatitis diseases

Disease model	Species of chemokines	Strategies	Trial results	Effect of trial	Ref.
Acute pancreatitis	CCL2	Anti-CCL2/MCP-1	Decreased serum amylase, lipase levels and histopathological lesions	Protective	[24]
Acute pancreatitis	CCL5	Anti-CCL5	Decreased serum amylase, lipase levels and histopathological lesions	Protective	[24]
Acute pancreatitis	CCR5	CCR5KO	Exacerbating the severity of pancreatic injury in vivo	Exacerbates in CCR5 KO pathogenic	[24]
Acute pancreatitis	CCL2	CCL2 KO	Activation and activated CD11b(high)CD11c (-) cells increased	Protective	[32]
Acute pancreatitis	CCR1	CCR1 inhibitor	Down-regulation of ICAM-1, P-selectin, and E-selectin	Protective	[44]
Acute pancreatitis	CXCR3	CXCR3 KO	Attenuated lung injury	Protective	[46]
Acute pancreatitis	CXCL2/ CXCL8	Anti-CXCL2/CXCL8	Abolished chemotaxis of neutrophils	Protective	[55]
Acute pancreatitis	CXCL4	Anti-CXCL4	Reduced neutrophil recruitment, levels of CXCL2 secretion, amylase release, and tissue damage	Protective	[60]
Acute pancreatitis	CXCR4	Anti-CXCR4	Migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells	Pathogenic	[65]
Acute pancreatitis	CXCR4	CXCR4 agonist	Reducing the systematic inflammation, and promoting tissue repair and angiogenesis in vivo	Protective	[66]
Chronic pancreatic	CXCL12-CXCR4	CXCR4 inhibitor	Reversing the upregulation of Nav1.8 sodium channels in DRGs and hyperexcitability of DRG neuron	Protective	[25]
Chronic pancreatitis	CCR2	CCR2-KO	Promoting higher hyperglycemia level CD11b(+)-cell migration	Protective	[73]
Chronic pancreatitis	CX3CR1	rCX3CL1	Inducing the PSCs proliferation in pancreatitis	Protective	[74]
Chronic pancreatitis	CXCL9	rCXCL9	Attenuating fibrogenesis suppressing collagen production	Protective	[76]
Autoimmune pancreatitis	IP-10	Anti-IP-10	Reducing IFN-gamma+ and IL-10+ CD4+ T cells and IFN-gamma+ Mac-1+ cells migration	Protective	[77]
Injured pancreatic acini	CXCR4	Anti-CXCR4	Improve the regeneration of injured pancreatic acini	Protective	[53]
Primary human pancreatic acinar cell cultures	CXCL10	RecCXCL10	Promoting pancreatic acinar cel apoptosis and DNA fragmentation	Protective	[57]
Acute pancreatitis	CXCL12	Anti-CXCL12	Reversed cerulean-induced pain but not pancreatic injury	Protective	[35]
Acute pancreatitis	HMGB1	Ethyl pyruvate	Reversed cerulean-induced pain but not pancreatic injury	Protective	[36]
Acute pancreatitis	HMGB1	Targeting this DAMP-NET-thrombosis axis	Mitigated SAP complications	Protective	[37]
Acute pancreatitis	CCR2	Anti-CCR2	Improved pulmonary oxygenation without compromising systemic immunity	Protective	[56]
Acute pancreatitis	CCR8	Anti-CCR8	Reduced IL-6 level	Protective	[30]
Acute pancreatitis	CCR2	Anti-CCR2	Abrogated PAP-induced hyperalgesia	Protective	[83]
Acute pancreatitis	CXCL12	Anti-CXCL12. Anti-CXCR4. Anti-CXCR7	Disrupt pathogenic triad in IgG4-RD: Inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrotic remodeling, and neutrophil extracellular trap accumulation	Protective	[86]
Chronic pancreatitis	CCL5	Anti-CCL5	Significantly attenuated pancreatic fibrogenesis and inflammatory burden	Protective	[98]
Chronic pancreatitis	CCL2 CX3CL1	Anti-CCL2 Anti-CX3CL1	Mitigated PSC activation and perpetuating pancreatic fibroinflammation	Protective	[71]
Autoimmune pancreatitis	CXCL9/10	Anti-CXCL9/10	Attenuated CCR9+ pDC recruitment, thereby sustaining pancreatic inflammation	Protective	[102]

PSC: Pancreatic stellate cell; SAP: Severe acute pancreatitis.