Barrett’s esophagus: A review

Figure 1 Pathogenesis of Barrett’s esophagus. GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; IL: Interleukin; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α.

Figure 2 Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal landmarks. IM: Intestinal metaplasia.

Figure 3 Pathology images showing intestinal metaplasia. A: Hematoxylin and eosin stain (magnification 10 ×) of esophageal biopsy showing squamous epithelium overlying the glands with intestinal metaplasia; B: Hematoxylin and eosin stain (magnification 40 ×) of esophageal biopsy showing columnar epithelium with intestinal metaplasia characterized by barrel shaped goblet cells filled with bluish cytoplasmic hue (mucin-rich).

Figure 4 Barrett’s esophagus with a visible nodule seen on endoscopy.

Figure 5 Surveillance after endoscopic eradication therapy and achieving complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia[4]. HGD: High-grade dysplasia; EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; LGD: Low-grade dysplasia; CEIM: Complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia. Adapted from Diagnosis and Management of Barrett's Esophagus: An Updated ACG Guideline.