Hutchinson HJ, Gonzalez M, Feier D, Welch CE, Lucke-Wold B. Colorectal cancer metastasis to the brain: A scoping review of incidence, treatment, and outcomes. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2025; 16(4): 110961 [DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v16.i4.110961]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Hunter J Hutchinson, BS, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States. hutchinsonhunter@ufl.edu
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Oncology
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Systematic Reviews
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This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Dec 22, 2025 (publication date) through Dec 22, 2025
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Publication Name
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology
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2150-5330
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
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Hutchinson HJ, Gonzalez M, Feier D, Welch CE, Lucke-Wold B. Colorectal cancer metastasis to the brain: A scoping review of incidence, treatment, and outcomes. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2025; 16(4): 110961 [DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v16.i4.110961]
World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. Dec 22, 2025; 16(4): 110961 Published online Dec 22, 2025. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v16.i4.110961
Colorectal cancer metastasis to the brain: A scoping review of incidence, treatment, and outcomes
Hunter J Hutchinson, Melanie Gonzalez, Diana Feier, Colin E Welch, Brandon Lucke-Wold
Hunter J Hutchinson, Melanie Gonzalez, Diana Feier, Colin E Welch, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
Brandon Lucke-Wold, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
Author contributions: Hutchinson HJ and Lucke-Wold B conceptualized and designed the study; Hutchinson HJ and Gonzalez M conducted the database search and screen; Hutchinson HJ, Gonzalez M, Feier D, and Welch CE interpreted the literature and drafted the original manuscript; All authors prepared the draft and approved the submitted version.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Hunter J Hutchinson, BS, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States. hutchinsonhunter@ufl.edu
Received: June 20, 2025 Revised: July 13, 2025 Accepted: October 22, 2025 Published online: December 22, 2025 Processing time: 185 Days and 14.4 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Brain metastases (BM) from colorectal cancer are becoming more common as overall survival increases. Socioeconomic factors are associated with worse prognosis in colorectal cancer BM but not an increased incidence. Primary colorectal tumor characteristics that increase the incidence of brain metastasis and have a worse prognosis are right-sidedness, rectal origin, adenocarcinoma histology, and high carcinoembryonic antigen. Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog and human epidermal growth factor 2-mutated colorectal tumors have a higher incidence of BM but inconclusive prognostic value. Patients with smaller, less numerous BM can be treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy while patients with larger, more numerous tumors should receive whole-brain radiotherapy and surgical resection.
