Phenomenon of “de Winter” pattern, sign, or syndrome: A systematic scoping review and data analysis

doi:10.4330/wjc.v18.i2.114561

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 18, Issue 2

This Article

Peer-Review Report of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Number of Hits and Downloads for This Article

Total Article Views (518)

All Articles published online

The chart showing PDF series, HTML series, Figures (1-3) series, Tables (1-4) series.

Item

Count

PDF

HTML

156

Figures (1-3)

Tables (1-4)

Sum=187

Featured Article

The chart showing Browse series, Download series.

Item

Count

Browse

Download

Sum=147

Publishing Process of This Article

Item

Count

Browse

Download

Sum=97

Feb 26, 2026 (publication date) through Mar 11, 2026

Times Cited of This Article

Times Cited (0)

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Cardiology

ISSN

1949-8462

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Systematic Reviews

World J Cardiol. Feb 26, 2026; 18(2): 114561
Published online Feb 26, 2026. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v18.i2.114561

Phenomenon of “de Winter” pattern, sign, or syndrome: A systematic scoping review and data analysis

Eman Elmenyar, Mohammad Adeeb Abbara, Zeina Al-Ghoul, Wael Al Mahmeed, Başar Cander, Ahmed Shaaban Abdelrahman, Hassan Al-Thani, Ayman El-Menyar

Eman Elmenyar, Mohammad Adeeb Abbara, Zeina Al-Ghoul, Faculty of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul 34734, Türkiye

Wael Al Mahmeed, Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 112412, United Arab Emirates

Başar Cander, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul 34093, Türkiye

Ahmed Shaaban Abdelrahman, Department of Cardiology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar

Hassan Al-Thani, Department of Vascular Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar

Ayman El-Menyar, Department of Surgery, Clinical Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar

Ayman El-Menyar, Department of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha 24144, Qatar

Author contributions: Elmenyar E, Abbara MA, and Al-Ghoul Z, wrote the main manuscript and prepared tables and figures; Elmenyar E, Abbara MA, Al-Ghoul Z, Al Mahmeed W, Cander B, Abdelrahman AS, Al-Thani H, and El-Menyar A contributed to the conceptualization and interpretation of the data; El-Menyar A edited and reviewed the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the manuscript.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.

Corresponding author: Ayman El-Menyar, MS (Cardiology), FACC, FESC, FRCP, Department of Surgery, Clinical Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al-Rayyan Street, Doha 3050, Qatar. aymanco65@yahoo.com

Received: September 23, 2025
Revised: October 15, 2025
Accepted: December 18, 2025
Published online: February 26, 2026
Processing time: 139 Days and 18.2 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: The three forms of the de Winter (dW) phenomenon (dW pattern, dW sign, or syndrome) are used similarly in contemporary literature. This phenomenon has unique risk factors, pathophysiology, and angiographic characteristics. It should be managed as an indicator of ST-elevation myocardial infarction equivalent that requires urgent intervention. However, it is often underrecognized and therefore requires a high index of suspicion. Age and gender are associated with distinct culprit lesions and coronary artery involvement in this phenomenon. By integrating current evidence, prompt recognition and aggressive reperfusion strategies, such as those used in ST-elevation myocardial infarction protocols, are crucial for improving outcomes in this high-risk presentation.