Short- and long-term outcomes after endoscopic resection of sporadic nonampullary duodenal tumors: An 11-year single-center retrospective study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients and resected lesions, n (%)

Patients/Lesions	124/124
Age, years	59.9 ± 10.6
Gender
Male	71 (57.3)
Female	53 (42.7)
Tumor location
Bulb	37 (29.8)
Descending segment	86 (69.4)
Horizontal segment	1 (0.8)
Macroscopic morphology type
Protrude	40 (32.3)
Flat	73 (58.9)
SMT	11 (8.9)
Tumor size, cm	1.2 ± 0.7
Pathology
Adenoma/adenocarcinoma	96 (77.4)
Brunner’s gland adenoma	15 (12.1)
Neuroendocrine tumor	12 (9.7)
Follicular lymphoma	1 (0.8)
Endoscopic treatment
EMR	66 (53.2)
ESD	26 (21.0)
ESD-S	32 (25.8)

EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; ESD-S: Endoscopic submucosal dissection with snare; SMT: Submucosal tumor.

Table 2 Clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes of different resection groups, n (%)

	EMR (n = 66)	ESD (n = 26)	ESD-S (n = 32)	Statistic value	P value
Age, years	63.0 ± 9.4	55.7 ± 9.4	57.2 ± 12.3	F = 6.314	0.002
Gender, male/female	39/27	15/11	17/15	χ2 = 0.316	0.859
Tumor location				χ2 = 1.221	0.946
Bulb	21	7	9
Descending segment	44	19	23
Horizontal segment	1	0	0
Tumor size, cm	1.16 (0.99-1.32)	1.50 (1.16-1.83)	1.13 (0.87-1.38)	F = 2.498	0.087
Procedure time, minute	5.8 (4.4-7.2)	50.7 (35.3-66.2)	32.6 (20.0-45.1)	Hc = 78.517	< 0.001
Pathology
Adenoma/adenocarcinoma	53 (80.3)	19 (73.1)	24 (75.0)	χ2 = 0.702	0.743
Brunner’s gland adenoma	12 (18.2)	1 (3.8)	2 (6.3)	χ2 = 4.991	0.083
Neuroendocrine tumor	1 (1.5)	5 (19.2)	6 (18.6)	χ2 = 10.759	0.006
Follicular lymphoma	0 (0)	1 (3.8)	0 (0)	χ2 = 3.800	0.210
En bloc resection	58 (87.9)	26 (100)	30 (93.8)	χ2 = 3.888	0.129
Complete resection	58 (87.9)	21 (80.8)	28 (87.5)	χ2 = 0.850	0.734
Adverse events
Intraprocedural perforation	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (3.1)	χ2 = 2.898	0.468
Delayed perforation	1 (1.5)	0 (0)	3 (9.4)	χ2 = 5.361	0.081

EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; ESD-S: Endoscopic submucosal dissection with snare.

Table 3 Clinical data of 14 patients underwent non-complete endoscopic resection with more than 12-month follow-up

No.	Gender/age	Pathology	Location	Tumor size, cm	Resection method	En bloc resection	Reason for non-complete resection	Recurrence	Follow-up period, months
1	M/76	Net	Bulb	0.8	ESD-S	Yes	HM (+)	No	59
2	M/40	Adenoma	Descending segment	3.0	EMR	No	HM (+)	No	19
3	M/71	Net	Bulb	1.0	ESD	Yes	VM (+)	No	12
4	M/55	Adenoma	Descending segment	1.5	EMR	No	Indeterminate HM and VM	No	48
5	M/71	Adenoma	Bulb	3.0	EMR	No	Indeterminate HM and VM	No	14
6	F/54	Adenoma	Bulb	3.5	ESD-S	Yes	Indeterminate VM	Yes	44
7	M/54	Adenoma	Descending segment	1.5	EMR	Yes	HM (+)	No	32
8	F/73	Net	Bulb	0.6	ESD-S	Yes	VM (+)	No	39
9	F/57	Adenoma	Descending segment	2.0	EMR	No	Indeterminate HM and VM	Yes	19
10	M/52	Adenoma	Descending segment	1.5	ESD	Yes	Indeterminate HM	No	21
11	F/42	Follicular lymphoma	Descending segment	3.5	ESD	Yes	Not evaluated	No	22
12	M/57	Adenoma	Descending segment	1.0	ESD-S	Yes	Indeterminate HM	No	19
13	F/65	Adenoma	Bulb	0.8	EMR	Yes	Indeterminate HM	No	21
14	M/71	Adenoma	Descending segment	1.0	EMR	Yes	HM (+)	No	12

EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; ESD-S: Endoscopic submucosal dissection with snare; Net: Neuroendocrine tumor; VM: Vertical margin; HM: Horizontal margin; M: Male; F: Female.