Recent advances in spasmolytic polypeptide expressing metaplasia research

Table 1 Characteristics of common spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia mice

Mouse model	SPEM	SPEM for proliferation capacity	Intestinal metaplasia	Inflammatory infiltrate	Invasive glandular production	Intestinalized
H. pylori infection-induced SPEM models
Helicobacter felis or H. pylori infection[54-57]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Acute chemical injury induced SPEM models
DMP-777 treatment[8,54,56,58]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes
L635 treatment[54-56]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes
High-dose tamoxifen treatment[59,60]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes
Genetically engineered mouse models
SOX9 overexpression mice[61]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
LKB1/PTEN deficient mice[62]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Gastrin-deficient mice[63]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
IL-1β transgenic mice[64]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
H/K-IFN-γ transgenic mice[65]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Conditional K-Ras activation mouse[66,67]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
AR knockout mice[68]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Mist1-Kras mice[69,70]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
TGFα transgenic mice (MT-TGFα or Doxi-TGFα)[71-73]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

SPEM: Spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; SOX9: SRY-Box transcription factor 9; LKB1: Liver kinase B1; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog; IL: Interleukin; IFN: Interferon; AR: Amphiregulin; Mist1: Muscle, intestine, stomach expression 1; TGF: Transforming growth factor.